Axilla, Brachial Plexus, Shoulder, Arm
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| serratus anterior innervation | long thoracic
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| serratus anterior blood supply | lateral thoracic
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| serratus anterior action | aBduction of arms above 90 degrees, protraction and rotation of scapula, keeps medial border and inferior angle of scapula opposed to thoracic wall
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| Loss of serratus anterior | UNABLE to aBduct above 90 degrees
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| Latissimus dorsi innervation | Thoracodorsal nerve
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| Latissiums dorsi blood supply | Thoracodorsal artery
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| Latissimus dorsi action | aDduction of humerous, extend and rotate humerous medial
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| Loss of Latissimus dorsi | Unable to pull body upward when climbing or doing a pull-up ie. loss of humerous aDduction
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| Teres Major innervation | lower/inferior subscapular nerve
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| Teres Major blood supply | Scapular circumflex artery
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| Teres Major Action | Medial rotation and extension of arm at glenohumeral joint
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| Subscapularis Action | medially rotates humerous
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| Subscapularis Innervation | upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6)
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| Subscapularis blood supply | subscapular artery
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| Pectoralis major action | flexes and aDducts the arm, medially rotates the arm
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| Pectoralis major innervation | medial and lateral pectoral nerve
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| Pectoralis major blood supply | pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery
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| Pectoralis minor action | pulls tip of shoulder down and protracts scapula
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| Pectoralis minor innervation | medial pectoral nerves
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| Pectoralis minor blood supply | pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery
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| Subclavius action | pulls tip of shoulder down; pulls clavicle medialy to stabilize sterno clavicular joint
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| Subclavius innervation | Nerve to subclavius
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| Subclavius blood supply | Clavicular branches of the thoracoacromial trunk
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| Serratus anterior loss of action | winged scapula and UNABLE to lift arm above 90 degrees
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| Describe the location of the three parts of the axillary artery | part 1: begins at subclavius artery and ends before pectoralis minor
part 2: under pectoralis minor
part 3: after pectoralis minor and before brachial artery
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| What artery branches off of the 1st part of the axillary artery? | superior thoracic artery
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| What arteries branch off of the 2nd part of the axillary artery? | thoracoacromial artery and the lateral thoracic artery
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| What muscle is supplied by the lateral thoracic artery? | serratus anterior
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| What muscles are supplied by the thoracoacromial arteries? | pectoralis major and minor, subclavius
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| arteries involved in anastomosis around the scapula | scapular artery anastomose with deep branch of the transverse cervical and the suprascapular artery. The posterior circumflex humeral artery anastomose with the suprascapular artery
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| What arteries branch off of the 3rd part of the axillary artery? | Subscapular, posterior and anterior humeral circumflex artery
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| What arteries branch off of the subscapular arter? | thoracodorsal and scapular circumflex artery
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| What muscle does the posterior humeral circumflex artery supply? | deltoid
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| What muscles does the scapular circumflex artery supply? | teres major and minor
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| Describe the extent of the axillary vein | axillary vein begins at the lower margin of teres major and is a continuation of the basilica vein. It branches off into the cephalic vein after teres minor and ends at the subclavian vein
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| clinical significance of the axillary sheath in local anaesthesia | Axillary sheath contains the axillary artery, vein and the brachial plexus. Anaesthesia in this sheath can lead to nerve block of the brachial plexus
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| anatomical relationships that are important for successful insertion of a catheter for central venous access | should be punctured in the midclavicular line or lateral to this line
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| At what point of the brachial plexus does the dorsal scapular nerve come off? | C5 root
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| At what point of the brachial plexus does the long thoracic nerve come off? | C5-7 root
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| At what point of the brachial plexus does the suprascapular nerve come off? | upper trunk
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| At what point of the brachial plexus does the nerve to subclavius come off? | upper trunk
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| What nerves come off of the lateral cord? | Lateral pectoral, musclocutaneous and contribution to the median
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| What nerves come off of the posterior cord? | (STARS): subscapular (upper), thoracodorsal, axillary, radial and subscapular
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| What nerves come off of the Medial cord? | Contributes to the median, Ulnar, (MP) medial pectoral, (MBC) medial brachial cutaneous, (MABC) medial anti-brachial (forearm) cutaneous
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| What is a pre-fixed brachial artery? | occurs when the C4 ventral ramus contributes to the brachial plexus
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| What is a post-fixed brachial artery? | when the T2 ventral ramus contributes to the brachial plexus
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| What syndrome can be caused by an upper brachial plexus injury? | Erb's Palsy
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| syndrome can be caused by a lower brachial plexus injury? | Klumpke's paralysis
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| Which lymphatic nodes in the axilla drain the upper limb? | lateral/humeral
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| List the axillary lymph nodes | posterior, anterior, lateral, central, apical
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| Which lymphatic nodes in the axilla drain the back, neck and shoulder? | posterior/scapula
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| Which lymphatic nodes in the axilla drain the brests, chest and abdominal wall? | anterior/pectoral
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| What are the lymph nodes of the brest? | axillary, ipsilateral and contralateral parasternal
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| Trapezius action | powerful aBductor of humerus above horizontal
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| Trapezius dysfunction | DIFFICULTY abducting arm above horizontal
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| Trapizius innervation | spinal accessory
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| Trapizius blood supply | superficial transverse cervical
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| Deltoid action | aBductor of humerous above 15 degrees
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| Deltoid innervations | axillary nerve
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| Deltoid blood supply | posterior circumflex artery and deltoid branch of thoracoacromial artery
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| Levator scapulae action | elevates scapula
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| Levator scapulae innervations | dorsal scapular
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| Levator scapulae blood supply | dorsal scapular
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| Rhomboid major and minor action | retracts and elevates scapula
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| Rhomboid major and minor dysfunction | lateral shift in position of scapula
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| Rhomboid major and minor blood supply | dorsal scapular
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| Rhomboid major and minor innervations | dorsal scapular
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| Supraspinatus action | initiation of aBduction from 0-15 degrees
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| Supraspinatus innervations | suprascapular nerve
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| Supraspinatus blood supply | suprascapular
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| Supraspinatus dysfunction | UNABLE to initiate humerus aBduction
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| Infraspinatus action | lateral rotation of humerus
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| Infraspinatus innervations | suprascapular nerve
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| Infraspinatus blood supply | suprascapular artery
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| Teres minor action | lateral rotation of humerous
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| Teres minor innervations | axillary nerve
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| Teres minor blood supply | scapular circumflex artery
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| Long head of triceps brachii action | extensor of forearm & accessory extensor and aDductor of arm
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| Long head of triceps brachii innervations | radial nerve
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| Long head of triceps brachii blood supply | deep brachial artery
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| Biceps brachii action | flexor and supinator of forearm
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| Coracobrachialis action | flexor and adductor of arm
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| Biceps brachii innervaton | musculocutaneous
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| Biceps brachii blood supply | brachial artery
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| Coracobrachialis innervations | musculocutaneous
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| Coracobrachialis blood supply | brachial artery
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| Brachialis action | flexor of forearm
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| Brachialis innervations | musculocutaneous (radial to lateral part of muscle)
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| Brachialis blood supply | brachial artery
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| Anconeus action | extension of forearm
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| Anconeus innervation | radial nerve
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| Triceps Brachii action | extension of forearm at elbow joint
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| Triceps brachii innervation | radial nerve
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| triceps brachii blood supply | deep brachial artery
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| What surrounds the quadrangular space? | inferior margin of subscapularis, surgical neck of humerus, superior margin of teres major, lateral margin of long head of triceps
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| What passes through the quadrangular space? | axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery and vein
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| In general, what muscles in the upper limb are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve? | all muscles in anterior compartment of arm
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| In general, what muscles in the upper limb are innervated by the median nerve? | most flexors in the forearm, thenar muscles in the hand
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| In general, what muscles in the upper limb are innervated by the radial nerve? | all muscles in posterior compartment of arm and forearm
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| In general, what muscles in the upper limb are innervated by the Ulnar nerve? | most intrinsic muscles in hand, flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
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| What nerve innervates the skin of the posterior upper limb? | radial nerve
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| What nerve innervates the skin of the anterior lateral part of the upper limb? | musculocutaneous nerve
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| What nerve innervates the skin of the fifth digit and medial half of fourth? | Ulnar nerve
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| What nerve innervates the skin of the anterior first, second, third and lateral half digits including the tips? | median nerve
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| What nerve innervates the skin of the posterior arm and forearm, first, second, third and lateral half digits? | radial nerve
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| What spinal root innervates the lateral dermatome of the upper limb and thumb? | C6
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| What spinal root innervates the digits 2 and 3 AND posterior dermatome of the upper limb? | C7
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| What spinal root innervates digits 4 and 5 AND medial upper limb dermatome? | C8
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| What spinal roots innervate the anteriolateral and anteriomedial dermatome of the upper limb respectively? | C5 and T1
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| What ligament are you most likely to tear if you fall on the point of your shoulder? | coracoclavicular ligament
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| Where muscle tendon is lateral to the radial pulse? | flexor carpi radialis tendon
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| A patient comes in with loss of feeling in the posterior forearm and arm, exhibits wrist drop and impaired grip strenght. What nerve is damaged? | radial nerve
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| An patient sufferes an injury at or above the elbow such as a medial epicondyle fracture and has sensory loss of little and half of ring fingers. Patient exhibits claw hand. What nerve is severed? | ulnar nerve
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| There is a flattening of the thenar eminence in a patients hand. What nerve is severed? | median nerve
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