Stack #55030
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| Supreme Court Ruling between 1816-1824 | established the dominance of the federal government over the states. helped unify the nation
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| steamboat | a cargo ship that could travel against the current of a river. it caused river travel to increase and prompted the development of canals
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| "Iron Horses" | Peter Cooper built the first American locomotive; "Toms Thumb" took 40 people 13 miles at 10 mph; they were rejected by the general public at first.
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| Boston Manufacturing Co | opened by Francis c Lowell in 1814. using British textile mills he introduced mass production of cotton cloth to the US. he employed mostly women and children for they would work for less than men.
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| Growth of cities | industrialization drew large crowds of people to cities with factories.
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| cotton gin | manual device designed by Eli Whitney to quickly and efficiently separate seeds from cotton balls
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| Missouri Compromise | settled the argument on whether the Louisiana purchase would be anti-slave. they decided that the Arkansas territory south of the Missouri on east would be pro-slave, but everywhere else, slavery was illegal
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| John Quincy Adams 1824 | son of the second US president, wrote "would be to hide in the earth the talent committed to our change" addressed to the bar of federal government
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| Democratic-Republicans | Jackson's supporters. took the name to show their opposition to John Quincy Adams
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| Tariff of 1816 | a protective tariff designed to nurture American manufacturers by taxing imports to drive up their prices.
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| Adams-Oins Treaty | in which Spain gave in and ceded all of Florida to the US. it also finalized the western boarder of the Louisiana purchase
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| Erie Canal | it, along with the growth of river travel, spurred a wave of canal building. 1840- over 3,300 miles were built
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| Commonwealth vs Hunt | Massachusetts supreme court ruled that union strikes were illegal
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| a planter | plantation owner who held more than 20 or more slaves
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| Henry Clay | managed the Missouri compromise vote in the house of representatives
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| Worcester vs Georiga | the Cherokee in Georgia had adapted to American life down to the very last detail and still were being forced out of their homeland. they sued the state, however john Marshall did no support their case
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| Whig party | advocated a larger federal government, industrial and commercial development, and a centralized economy
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| Utopian communities | leaders believed that society tended to corrupt human nature. these communities separated themselves from society, including Brook Farm and the Shakers
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| gradualism | the belief that slavery had to be ended gradually
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| abolitionists | argued that slaves should be freed immediately, without gradual measures or compensation to former slaveholders
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| spoils system | the practice of appointing people to government jobs on the basis of party loyalty and support
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| Second Bank of the United States | Republicans closed the first bank and left nothing in its place. to pay for the war of 1812, the gov borrowed money and was left with high interest rate loans
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| Romanticism | advocated feeling over reason, inner spirituality over external rules, the individual over society, and nature over man made environments
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| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | she and Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca Falls convention which began the women's movement.
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| Frederick Douglass | a literate slave who escaped in maryland. wrote a narrative on his life as a slave and became a big influence in the abolitionist movement
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| Manifest Destiny | the idea that God had given the whole continent to the Americans and wanted them to settle it.
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| Preemption Act of 1830 | protected squatters by gaurenteeing them the right to claim land up to 160 acres for the governments minimum price of $1.25 per acre
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| National Colonization Act | Mexico gave 26 empresarios large grants of Texas land. in exchange, they promised to fill that land with a certain number of settlers
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| 1844 promise by James K Polk | promised to annex texas and the contested Oregon territory in the north west. also, to buy california from mexico.
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| Mormons | after enduring harassment almost everywhere they went, they moved to Converse, Illinois where it was no different for them. When Joseph Smith died, Brigham Young moved everyone to Utah where they settled for good
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| Martin Van Buren 1844 | Jackson's successor sent the army down to Georgia to resolve the conflict after Worchester vs Georgia. they marched everyone out of their homes and into Oklahoma. 2,000 indians died on the way
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