Cell Structure
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Phospholipid Bilayer | Plasma membrane
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| Nucleus | contains genetic material
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| Separates cell from xtra cellular fluid | Cell membrane
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| Cytoplasm | intracellular fluid that contains all other structures of the cell
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| Cytosol | fluid part of cytosol
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| Organelles | All mechanical structures of the cell outside the nucleus
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| Integral Proteins | connect the external and internal cell environment, allows materials to pass through the membrane that are too large to fit or are not lipid soluble
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| Periferal membrane | loosly bound to outside of memrane, functions as part of a group of proteins that make up a cytoskeleton
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| glycolipids & glycoproteins | Membrane carbs that hold cells together to form tissues
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| Nucleus | directs cell activity, contains genetic information
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| Do red blood cells have a nucleus | NO
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| How many nucleii do skeletal muscles have? | more than 1
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| Nucleolus | involved in cell division, involved in production of & maturation of ribosomes
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| rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Comes directly off the nucleus, studded with ribosomes
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | No ribosome attachment, lipid production, holds calcium in skeletal muscle tissue
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| Golgi Apparatus | The UPS of the cell, off of the ER, preps and packages proteins and lipids to send to other parts of the cell
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| Vesicles | membranous sacs that move materials through the cell
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| Lysosomes | The Euthanizers of the cell, contain powerful digestive enzymes, help to degrade intracellular debris, breakdown and dispose of organelles that are no longer working
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| Peroxisomes | Mainly found in Liver, metabolize alcohol
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| Ribosomes | Protein synthesis, some float free and others are attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum
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| Vaults | Barrel shaped, transports molecules
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| Centrioles | Bundles of protein filaments perpendicular to one another, must be present for cell division
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| Cytoskeleton | gives the cell it's shape, flexible lattice of fibrous proteins
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| Phagocytosis | pulling things into the cell to be ingested
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| Tight junction | cells are fused together to form a virtually impermiable barrier, materials have to pass through the cells not around them, found in epithelial tissue, creates a barrier, GI Tract, Kidney tubules, stomach, skin
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| Desmosomes | commonly found in tissues that recieve alot of stress, Heart, uterus & skin
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| Gap Junction | Bi-directional junction that allows the cells to function as a unit, found in smooth muscle and heart muscle, only one cell needs to be stimulated which will inturn stimulate other cells in the junction
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| Metabolism | All chemical functions that occur in the body
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| Catabolism | break down of large molecules into smaller ones which releases energy
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| Anabolism | build up of small molecules into larger ones, bone growth
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| Things that determine what gets thru a cell | Lipid soluble, size of molecule, charge of ion, presence of integral protein
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| Transcription | 1st phase of protein synthesis
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| DNA | genetic info of the cell, determines what proteins will be made by the cell, cannot exit the nucleus
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| mRNA | single strand, transcribes data from DNA, exits nucleus & into the cytosol
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| Translation | 2nd phase of protein synthesis, occurs in cytosol
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| tRNA | gathers appropriate amino acids to line up correctly per DNA
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| rRNA | makes ribosomes, translates info on the mRNA, combines the amino acids and puts them in the correct order
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| Somatic cell division | increase # of body cells, replace cells that have been destroyed or damaged
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| Mitosis | nucleur cell division in somatic cell division
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| Reproductive cell division | union of two cells to create a single cell - zygote
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| meiosis | nucleus cell division in reproduction
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| Cytokenisis | division of the rest of the cell (not nucleus)
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