Flashcards from chapter 3 of Berkley Review's chemistry book (2010)
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| Keq | Keq = [products]/[reactants]
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| Catalyst effect on reaction rates | Catalysts lowers activation energy so it speeds up both the forward and reverse reaction equally
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| Factors that can affect Keq | Temperature
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| atm to torr conversion | 1atm = 760torr
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| Complex equilibrium | If overall equation is sum of two equations, Keq=K1*K2
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| Equilibrium in flasks | Fixed volume, pressure varies
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| Equilibrium in pistons | Fixed pressure, volume varies
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| Exothermic and deltaH | deltaH < 0
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| Endothermic and deltaH | deltaH > 0
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| Isothermal | No change in temperature during the reaction
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| Adiabatic | No change in heat during the reaction
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| Dissolving | Breakdown of intermolecular forces between molecules as a solid becomes a solute
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| Dissociation | Breakdown of ionic bonds between atoms within a lattice structure as a salt turns into a solute
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| Solvent | Species in greatest concentration
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| Solute | Species not in highest concentration
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| Solubility | A measurement of the degree of dissolving that a solute undergoes within a particular solvent
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| Saturated | No more solid can dissolve into solution
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| Supersaturated | Amount of solid that is dissolved is beyond the maximum amount at a given temperature. First heat a solvent, then add solute until saturated, then slowly cool
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| Solubility product (Ksp) | Equilibrium constant for a dissociation reaction
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| Molar solubility | Maximum number of moles of solid that can dissolve into enough solvent to make one liter of solution under standard conditions. This is what you use to compare solubilities
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| Gram solubility | Maximum number of grams of solid that can dissolve into enough solvent to make one hundred milliliters of solution under standard conditions
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| Common ion effect | Presence of an ion that is also present in the solid... lowers solubility
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| Comparing solubility | Use molar solubility, not Ksp (unless Ksp has same units)
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| Conditions that make acidic salts most soluble | Basic solutions
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| Conditions that make basic salts most soluble | Acidic solutions
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| Temperature effects on density | Lowers density
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| Temperature effects on molarity | Lowers molarity
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