Fall 2010
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| what numerical BCS system is used for beef cattle and horses | 1(emaciated) to 9 (very obese) | ||||
| what numerical BCS scoring system is used for sheep | 1 to 5 assigned in half numbers | ||||
| what numerical BCS scoring system is used for dairy | 1 to 5 assigned in fourths | ||||
| describe a dairy cow with a locomotion score of 3 | moderately lame arched back is evident while standing and walking short strided gait | ||||
| what is cross fostering in piglets | moving piglets into different litters to even out litter sizes and piglet sizes. | ||||
| why is cross fostering done? | to increase survival rates and weaning weights | ||||
| what is preconditioning in beef calves | preparing calves to enter a grazing/background program about 30-60 days before weaning | ||||
| why is preconditioning done in beef cattle? | to promote healthy growth and reduce stress | ||||
| describe a beef cow with a body condition score of 1 | severely thin no fat cover on spinous processes visible spaces between vertebra severe muscle loss in shoulder, loin, and hind | ||||
| describe a beef cow with a body condition score of 3 | thin spinous processes visible but less sharp than a score of 2 less space between vertebra, more fat along entire backbone no obvious fat cover in loin muscle, but more depth ribs and tailhead still visible but with more cover | ||||
| describe a beef cow with a BCS of 5 | average ideal fat coverage over shoulder, loins and ribs spinous processes can be palpated a little, smooth to touch last two ribs visible loin is filled | ||||
| describe a beef cow with a BCS of 7 | fleshy entire animal feels smooth fat filling in briskit, loin, and tailhead more fat over shoulder and fore ribs | ||||
| describe a dairy cow with a locomotion score of 1 | Normal,Flat back Cow stands and walks with a level back.Gait is normal. | ||||
| describe a dairy cow with a locomotion score of 2 | Mildly,Cow stands level backed,but develops an arched back to walk. | ||||
| describe a dairy cow with a locomotion score of 4 | Lame,Arch back is always evident and gait is one deliberate step at a time.Cow favors one or more legs/feet | ||||
| describe a dairy cow with a locomotion score of 5 | Severely 3-legged, Cow demonstrates an inability, or extreme reluctance to bear weight on one or more limbs/feet | ||||
| what is the flight zone? | the area around an animal or group where they dont feel comfortable having another being in. tend to move away from | ||||
| what is the point of balance? | front/back of shoulder left/right of head used to push an animal in a certain direction | ||||
| 3 strategies to improve animal movement through a facility? | use curved races for cattle utilize tendency to move from dark to light areas use solid sides to prevent outside visual distractions | ||||
| what is the most likely cause of dystocia in beef cattle? | maternal/fetal disproportion | ||||
| how can you minimize beef cattle dystocia | breeding heifers at an older age breed heifers to sires known to have small offspring | ||||
| what are 5 lamb management tasks | tagging- Identification hoof trimming-prevent bacterial diseases castration-done early to reduce stress on animal tail docking-prevents fecal buildup vaccinations-reduce stress and protect from young age | ||||
| 3 steps of a breeding soundness exam | observe general health and structure examine reproductive anatomy check semen quality | ||||
| what does the letter in a freeze brand mean? | the year the calf was born | ||||
| 3 methods of temporary ID | ear tagging, neck chains, paint branding | ||||
| 3 methods of permanent ID | freeze branding, tattooing, nose printing | ||||
| why trim chicks beaks? | to prevent injury from pecking | ||||
| what is ketosis? | a metabolic disorder that occurs in dairy cattle when energy demands (e.g. high milk production) exceed energy intake and result in a negative energy balance. ketone production exceeds ketone utilization. | ||||
| how do you diagnose ketosis? | with a urine test and keto strips. the greater the color change, the more ketone bodies | ||||
| why are pics castrated? | to prevent 'boar taint' when meat is sold | ||||
| why are pigs docked? | to prevent tail biting and infection | ||||
| why are lambs docked? | to prevent fecal buildup and bacterial infection | ||||
| what is all in/all out swine production? | moving all pigs in and out of a facility at the same time and washing the facilities in between groups to minimize the spread of disease | ||||
| what is a primary sign of estrus in a cow? | the cow in heat is being ridden by other herd members | ||||
| what is laminitis? | inflammation of the laminar tissue. can be caused by ruminal acidosis or the switching of feed too quickly | ||||
| what is colostrum? | a mothers first milk | ||||
| how can colostrum give immunity? | it passes on antibodies from the mother | ||||
| post-partum interval | period from calving until the cow conceives | ||||
| withdrawl time | amount of time between when a drug is administered and the slaughter of the animal for human consumption | ||||
| retained placenta | retention of afterbirth longer than 12 hours. most common in dairy | ||||
| parity | number of times a sow has farrowed | ||||
| pullet | young hen | ||||
| barrow | castrated male pig | ||||
| steer | castrated male bovine | ||||
| vertically integrated | one company owns all stages of production | ||||
| heifer | female bovine that has not yet had a calf | ||||
| free stall | defines resting area but don't hinder motion | ||||
| rectal palpation | feeling by hand the reproductive organs via the rectum | ||||
| baby pig anemia | Fe deficiency in piglets caused by low iron in milk | ||||
| zone heating | localized heating of a small area within a larger room | ||||
| farrowing | process of parturition in swine | ||||
| why are implants used in cattle? | to get increased growth and feed utilization | ||||
| hairy heel wart | digital dermatitis | ||||
| antigen | stimulates antibody production when introduced | ||||
| pour on | livestock dewormer that is absorbed through the skin rather than ingested | ||||
| "milking" a rooster | collecting semen | ||||
| why are injections given in the neck region | to avoid injection lesions in the cuts of meat | ||||
| why are roosters trimmed before semen collection | so the feathers don't soak up the semen, ease of collection, avoid contamination | ||||
| how do vaccines protect animals from disease? | triggers the body's response to a disease so that it can build up a resistance | ||||
| what is the difference between a toxoid vaccine and an antitoxin vaccine? | toxoid vaccines are for long term protection while antitoxins are for short-term protection or medical emergancies |
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Created by:
Rachel Florman
on 2010-12-15