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Cell reproduction and cell anatomy

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meiosis   process by which a spermatocyte reduces the # of chromosomes in its nucleus to 23 or half the normal # to create gametes.  
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mitosis   process by which most body cells reproduce. 46 chromosomes duplicate, split, and create 2 identical cells each with 46 chromosomes.  
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golgi apparatus   curved stacked membranes that process and store proteins until they are released by the cell (makes lysosomes)  
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lysosomes   small sacs that contain powerful digestive enzymes to destroy bacterium or virus that invades the cell  
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endoplasmic reticulum   network of channels in cytoplasm that transports materials. Site of protein, fat, and glycogen.  
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cytoplasm   gel-like substance that fills the cell  
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organelles   dissolved substances and different structures in cytoplasm  
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messenger RNA   duplicates the information contained in a gene and carries it to the ribosome where it is used to assemble amino acids to make a protein molecule  
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mitochondria   capsule-shaped structures with sectioned chambers that produce and store ATP, a high energy molecule obtained from the metabolism of glucose.  
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What does glucose do in the cell?   Converts ATP to ADP to release energy for cellular activities.  
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nucleus   large, round, centralized structure that is surrounded by a nuclear membrane. (controls all activities that occur within the cell)  
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nucleolus   round, central region within the nucleus. Produces RNA & ribosomes  
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ribosomes   granular structures in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum. Contains RNA and proteins and are the site where proteins are produced.  
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chromosomes   paired structures within the nucleus. Each cell nucleus contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, total of 46 chromosomes. (1 from mother, 1 from father in each pair) -- made up of one long DNA molecule.  
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gene   one segment of a DNA molecule that contains enough amino acids pairs to provide the info. to provide one protein molecule.  
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