A SOL Review of People for US History

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Name(s)

Settled in New England for religious freedom; not tolerant to other religioius donominations

Puritans

Rich, English nobility who settled in the south; received large land grants from the King of England; started plantations

Cavaliers

settled in Pennsylvania (part of the middle colonies); didn't believe in fighting; most famous is William Penn

Quakers

poor people who agreed to work on plantations for a period of time in exchange for passage to the colonies

indentured servants

Enlightenment philosopher who influenced Jefferson; natural rights of life, liberty, and property; social contract; people have a right to rebel if their rights were not being protected by the government

John Locke

writer of Common Sense; spoke out against the King of England; contributed to the breakout of the American Revolution

Thomas Paine

Virginian writer who wanted the colonies to rebel against England; said, "but as for me, give me liberty or give me death"

Patrick Henry

writer of the Declaration; President of the US; leader of the Democrat-Republicans; favored states' rights; wrote Virginia Statute for Religious Freedoms

Thomas Jefferson

Massachusetts militia who fought at the first battles of the Revolution--Lexington and Concord

Minutemen

people who supported the colonies fighting the English in the American Revolution

patriots

colonists who continued to support England during the American Revolution

loyalists

people who didn't choose sides during the American Revolution; tried to stay uninvolved

neutrals

Negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France during the American Revolution

Benjamin Franklin

leader of the Continental Army; chairman at the Constitutional Convention; President of the US

George Washington

"father of the Constitution"; wrote most of the Bill of Rights; authored the Virginia Plan; President of the US

James Madison

wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights; said human rights should not be violated by the government

George Mason

contributed to the Federalist Papers supporting the ratification of the Constitution; leader of the Federal party; wanted a strong central government

Alexander Hamilton

Supreme Court Chief Justice; Marlbury vs. Madison (judicial review) and McCulloch vs. Maryland

John Marshall

hired by Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase

Lewis and Clark

Indian woman who served as a tour guide for Louis and Clark

Sacagawea

US President who said European countries must stay out of affairs of the Western Hemisphere

James Monroe

US President; leader of the Federalist Party;

John Adams

invented the cotton gin; resulted in expansion of slavery

Eli Whitney

responsible for theTrail of Tears; issued the most vetos of any prior President; vetoed the existence of the Bank of the US; his actions caused the Panic of 1837

Andrew Jackson

wanted a Bank of the US; ran against Jackson under the National Republican Party, but lost; known as the Great Comprimiser because of the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850

Henry Clay

white abolitionist who headed the newspaper, "The Liberator"

William Lloyd Garrison

abolitionist who wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin"; help fuel anger towards slavery and contributed to the Civil War

Harriet Beecher Stowe

These two slaves led slave rebellions in the South; caused the South to impose harsh laws against runaway (fugitive) slaves.

Nat Turner & Gabriel Prosser

His election caused the Civil War; first Republican Party President; issued the Emancipation Proclamation and the Gettysburg Address and "A House Divided" speech; did not want to punish the South for the war: "with malice towards know, and charity for al

Abraham Lincoln

responsible for the Kansas-Nebraska Act which supported popular sovereighty (the right for the people to vote whether their state would be slave or free), ran against Lincoln in the Presidential Election

Stephen Douglas

court case about an escaped slave; favored the South and said fugitive slaves who escaped must be returned to their owners; angered many Northerners

Dred Scott

these two women led the women's rights movement; organized the Seneca Falls Convention; wanted women's suffrage

Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony

Leader of the Union (Northern) Army during the Civil War; later becomes President

Ulysses S. Grant

leader of the Confederate (Southern) army

Robert E. Lee

first and only President of the Confederacy during the Civil War

Jefferson Davis

escaped slave turned abolitionist; urged Lincoln to use black troops in the Union army

Frederick Douglass

became President after Lincoln's assassination; very lenient (easy) towards the South during Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson

discovered a cheap way to make steel; steel production is important for the Industrial Revolution to occur

Henry Bessemer

invented the light bulb

Thomas Edison

invented the telephone

Alexander Graham Bell

invented the airplane

Wright Brothers

invented assembly line manufacturing when producing his Model T Fords

Henry Ford

big businessman; steel production

Andrew Carnegie

big businessman; built railroads

Cornelius Vanderbuilt

big businessman; finance

J.P. Morgan

big businessman; oil

John D. Rockefeller

led an anti-lynching campaign

Ida B. Wells

said blacks should receive vocational education for economic success; said segregation was okay

Booker T. Washington

said education was meaningless without equality; created the NAACP

W.E.B. DuBois

"Square Deal"

Theodore Roosevelt

14 Points (WWI) freedom of the seas, mandate system, self-determination, League of Nations

Woodrow Wilson

Man who led the American Federation of Labor

Samuel Gompers

Man who led the American Railway Union

Eugene Debs

"Dollar Diplomacy" with Latin America

President Taft

"New Deal" to end the Depression; President also during WWII

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Leader of Germany; Nazi Party; WWII

Adolf Hitler

Leader of the Soviet Union during WWII and the beginning of the Cold War

Josef Stalin

Prime minister of Britain during WWII

Winston Churchill

US General at D-Day invasion during WWII; later becomes President during the Korean War

Dwight D. Eisenhower

President who decided to use the atomic bomb in Japan; during the Cold War said the US would follow a policy to stop the spread of communism; resulted in the US entering the Korean and Vietnam Wars

Harry S. Truman

African-American group who served during WWII with distinction in Europe

Tuskegee Airmen

Japanese-American regiments during WWII

Nisei

their Native American language was used in a code that was never broken during WWII

Navajo Indians

"nickname" representing the American women who replaced the men in the factories during WWII

Rosie the Riveter

his plan gave billions of dollars to western Europe to rebuild after WWII; help stop these countries from becoming communist during the Cold War

Marshall

President during the 60s; resigned from office because of the Watergate affair;

Richard Nixon

Cold War President assassination in Texas in 1963; responsible for the US military build-up in Vietnam; began the space with USSR; said "ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country" Also said, "pay any price, bear any b

John F. Kennedy

President who replaced Kennedy

Lyndon B. Johnson

communist leader of Cuba; allowed USSR to place missiles in his country; Cuban Missile Crisis

Fidel Castro

Americans convicted of spying for the USSR against the US; caused americans to fear communists living among them

Alger Hiss, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg

during the Cold War; this man accussed many government officals and citizens of being communists based on little evidence

Joseph MaCarthy

President who is given credit for ending the Cold War; told Soviet to "tear down that wall" in Berlin, Germany; said Communism was immoral; built up massive amounts of nuclear weapons

Ronald Reagan

Soviet leader who allowed his country to open up to the "free" world; glasnost and perestroika

Gorbachev

led the NAACP Legal Defensive Team in Brown vs. Board of Education which reversed Plessy vs. Ferguson' s segregation

Thurgood Marshall

"I have a dream" speech at the March on Washington 1963; leader of the Civil Rights Movement;

Martin Luther King, Jr.

first US woman on the Supreme Court

Sandra Day O'Conner

first American in space

John Glenn

US astronaut; first man on the moon; said, "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind"