A SOL Review of People for US History
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| Settled in New England for religious freedom; not tolerant to other religioius donominations | Puritans
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| Rich, English nobility who settled in the south; received large land grants from the King of England; started plantations | Cavaliers
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| settled in Pennsylvania (part of the middle colonies); didn't believe in fighting; most famous is William Penn | Quakers
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| poor people who agreed to work on plantations for a period of time in exchange for passage to the colonies | indentured servants
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| Enlightenment philosopher who influenced Jefferson; natural rights of life, liberty, and property; social contract; people have a right to rebel if their rights were not being protected by the government | John Locke
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| writer of Common Sense; spoke out against the King of England; contributed to the breakout of the American Revolution | Thomas Paine
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| Virginian writer who wanted the colonies to rebel against England; said, "but as for me, give me liberty or give me death" | Patrick Henry
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| writer of the Declaration; President of the US; leader of the Democrat-Republicans; favored states' rights; wrote Virginia Statute for Religious Freedoms | Thomas Jefferson
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| Massachusetts militia who fought at the first battles of the Revolution--Lexington and Concord | Minutemen
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| people who supported the colonies fighting the English in the American Revolution | patriots
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| colonists who continued to support England during the American Revolution | loyalists
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| people who didn't choose sides during the American Revolution; tried to stay uninvolved | neutrals
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| Negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France during the American Revolution | Benjamin Franklin
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| leader of the Continental Army; chairman at the Constitutional Convention; President of the US | George Washington
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| "father of the Constitution"; wrote most of the Bill of Rights; authored the Virginia Plan; President of the US | James Madison
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| wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights; said human rights should not be violated by the government | George Mason
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| contributed to the Federalist Papers supporting the ratification of the Constitution; leader of the Federal party; wanted a strong central government | Alexander Hamilton
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| Supreme Court Chief Justice; Marlbury vs. Madison (judicial review) and McCulloch vs. Maryland | John Marshall
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| hired by Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly acquired Louisiana Purchase | Lewis and Clark
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| Indian woman who served as a tour guide for Louis and Clark | Sacagawea
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| US President who said European countries must stay out of affairs of the Western Hemisphere | James Monroe
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| US President; leader of the Federalist Party; | John Adams
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| invented the cotton gin; resulted in expansion of slavery | Eli Whitney
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| responsible for theTrail of Tears; issued the most vetos of any prior President; vetoed the existence of the Bank of the US; his actions caused the Panic of 1837 | Andrew Jackson
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| wanted a Bank of the US; ran against Jackson under the National Republican Party, but lost; known as the Great Comprimiser because of the Missouri Compromise and Compromise of 1850 | Henry Clay
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| white abolitionist who headed the newspaper, "The Liberator" | William Lloyd Garrison
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| abolitionist who wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin"; help fuel anger towards slavery and contributed to the Civil War | Harriet Beecher Stowe
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| These two slaves led slave rebellions in the South; caused the South to impose harsh laws against runaway (fugitive) slaves. | Nat Turner & Gabriel Prosser
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| His election caused the Civil War; first Republican Party President; issued the Emancipation Proclamation and the Gettysburg Address and "A House Divided" speech; did not want to punish the South for the war: "with malice towards know, and charity for al | Abraham Lincoln
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| responsible for the Kansas-Nebraska Act which supported popular sovereighty (the right for the people to vote whether their state would be slave or free), ran against Lincoln in the Presidential Election | Stephen Douglas
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| court case about an escaped slave; favored the South and said fugitive slaves who escaped must be returned to their owners; angered many Northerners | Dred Scott
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| these two women led the women's rights movement; organized the Seneca Falls Convention; wanted women's suffrage | Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony
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| Leader of the Union (Northern) Army during the Civil War; later becomes President | Ulysses S. Grant
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| leader of the Confederate (Southern) army | Robert E. Lee
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| first and only President of the Confederacy during the Civil War | Jefferson Davis
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| escaped slave turned abolitionist; urged Lincoln to use black troops in the Union army | Frederick Douglass
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| became President after Lincoln's assassination; very lenient (easy) towards the South during Reconstruction | Andrew Johnson
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| discovered a cheap way to make steel; steel production is important for the Industrial Revolution to occur | Henry Bessemer
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| invented the light bulb | Thomas Edison
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| invented the telephone | Alexander Graham Bell
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| invented the airplane | Wright Brothers
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| invented assembly line manufacturing when producing his Model T Fords | Henry Ford
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| big businessman; steel production | Andrew Carnegie
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| big businessman; built railroads | Cornelius Vanderbuilt
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| big businessman; finance | J.P. Morgan
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| big businessman; oil | John D. Rockefeller
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| led an anti-lynching campaign | Ida B. Wells
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| said blacks should receive vocational education for economic success; said segregation was okay | Booker T. Washington
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| said education was meaningless without equality; created the NAACP | W.E.B. DuBois
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| "Square Deal" | Theodore Roosevelt
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| 14 Points (WWI) freedom of the seas, mandate system, self-determination, League of Nations | Woodrow Wilson
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| Man who led the American Federation of Labor | Samuel Gompers
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| Man who led the American Railway Union | Eugene Debs
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| "Dollar Diplomacy" with Latin America | President Taft
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| "New Deal" to end the Depression; President also during WWII | Franklin D. Roosevelt
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| Leader of Germany; Nazi Party; WWII | Adolf Hitler
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| Leader of the Soviet Union during WWII and the beginning of the Cold War | Josef Stalin
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| Prime minister of Britain during WWII | Winston Churchill
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| US General at D-Day invasion during WWII; later becomes President during the Korean War | Dwight D. Eisenhower
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| President who decided to use the atomic bomb in Japan; during the Cold War said the US would follow a policy to stop the spread of communism; resulted in the US entering the Korean and Vietnam Wars | Harry S. Truman
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| African-American group who served during WWII with distinction in Europe | Tuskegee Airmen
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| Japanese-American regiments during WWII | Nisei
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| their Native American language was used in a code that was never broken during WWII | Navajo Indians
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| "nickname" representing the American women who replaced the men in the factories during WWII | Rosie the Riveter
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| his plan gave billions of dollars to western Europe to rebuild after WWII; help stop these countries from becoming communist during the Cold War | Marshall
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| President during the 60s; resigned from office because of the Watergate affair; | Richard Nixon
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| Cold War President assassination in Texas in 1963; responsible for the US military build-up in Vietnam; began the space with USSR; said "ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country" Also said, "pay any price, bear any b | John F. Kennedy
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| President who replaced Kennedy | Lyndon B. Johnson
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| communist leader of Cuba; allowed USSR to place missiles in his country; Cuban Missile Crisis | Fidel Castro
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| Americans convicted of spying for the USSR against the US; caused americans to fear communists living among them | Alger Hiss, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
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| during the Cold War; this man accussed many government officals and citizens of being communists based on little evidence | Joseph MaCarthy
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| President who is given credit for ending the Cold War; told Soviet to "tear down that wall" in Berlin, Germany; said Communism was immoral; built up massive amounts of nuclear weapons | Ronald Reagan
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| Soviet leader who allowed his country to open up to the "free" world; glasnost and perestroika | Gorbachev
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| led the NAACP Legal Defensive Team in Brown vs. Board of Education which reversed Plessy vs. Ferguson' s segregation | Thurgood Marshall
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| "I have a dream" speech at the March on Washington 1963; leader of the Civil Rights Movement; | Martin Luther King, Jr.
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| first US woman on the Supreme Court | Sandra Day O'Conner
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| first American in space | John Glenn
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| US astronaut; first man on the moon; said, "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind" | Neil Armstrong
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| developed a vaccine for polio | Dr. Jonas Salk
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| first woman in space | Sally Ride
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