Biology - Module 6 - Apologia
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| Secretion | The release of biosynthesized substances | ||||
| Absorption | The transport of dissolved substances into cells | ||||
| Digestion | The breakdown of absorbed substances | ||||
| Reproduction | Producing more cells | ||||
| Absorption | The transport of dissolved substances into cells | ||||
| Digestion | The breakdown of absorbed substances | ||||
| Respiration | The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy | ||||
| Excretion | The removal of soluble waste materials | ||||
| Egestion | The removal of nonsoluble waste materials | ||||
| Secretion | The release of biosynthesized substances | ||||
| Homeostasis | Maintaining the status quo | ||||
| Reproduction | Producing more cells | ||||
| Cytology | The study of cells | ||||
| Cell wall | A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant | ||||
| Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended | ||||
| Cytoplasmic streaming | The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents | ||||
| Mitochondria | The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy | ||||
| Lysosome | The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids | ||||
| Ribosomes | Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis | ||||
| Endoplasmic reticulum | An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell | ||||
| Rough ER | ER that is dotted with ribosomes | ||||
| Smooth ER | ER that has no ribosomes | ||||
| Leucoplasts | Organelles that store starches or oils | ||||
| Chromoplasts | Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis | ||||
| Central vacuole | A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes | ||||
| Waste vacuoles | Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion | ||||
| Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells | ||||
| Phagocytic vacuole | A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs | ||||
| Pinocytic vesicle | Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules | ||||
| Secretion vesicle | Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released | ||||
| Golgi bodies | The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell | ||||
| Microtubules | Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure | ||||
| Nuclear membrane | A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm | ||||
| Chromatin | Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell | ||||
| Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement | ||||
| Microfilaments | Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton | ||||
| Intermediate filaments | Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments | ||||
| Phospholipid | A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group | ||||
| Passive transport | Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion | ||||
| Active transport | Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy | ||||
| Isotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution | ||||
| Hypertonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution | ||||
| Plasmolysis | Collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water | ||||
| Cytolysis | The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure | ||||
| Hypotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution | ||||
| Activation energy | Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going |
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Created by:
vorup
on 2010-12-06