Biology - Module 6 - Apologia
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| Secretion | The release of biosynthesized substances
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| Absorption | The transport of dissolved substances into cells
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| Digestion | The breakdown of absorbed substances
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| Reproduction | The removal of nonsoluble waste materials
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| Absorption | The transport of dissolved substances into cells
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| Digestion | The breakdown of absorbed substances
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| Respiration | The breakdown of food molecules with a release of energy
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| Excretion | The removal of soluble waste materials
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| Egestion | The removal of nonsoluble waste materials
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| Secretion | The release of biosynthesized substances
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| Homeostasis | Maintaining the status quo
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| Reproduction | Producing more cells
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| Cytology | The study of cells
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| Cell wall | A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant
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| Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
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| Cytoplasmic streaming | The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movement of the cell's contents
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| Mitochondria | The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
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| Lysosome | The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharides, disaccharides, and some lipids
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| Ribosomes | Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for protein synthesis
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | An organelle composed of an extensive network of folded membranes that performs several tasks within a cell
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| Rough ER | ER that is dotted with ribosomes
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| Smooth ER | ER that has no ribosomes
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| Leucoplasts | Organelles that store starches or oils
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| Chromoplasts | Organelles that contain pigments used in photosynthesis
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| Central vacuole | A large vacuole that rests at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes
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| Waste vacuoles | Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestion
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| Phagocytosis | The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells
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| Phagocytic vacuole | A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs
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| Pinocytic vesicle | Vesicle formed at the plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules
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| Secretion vesicle | Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transported to the plasma membrane and released
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| Golgi bodies | The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell
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| Microtubules | Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure
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| Nuclear membrane | A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
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| Chromatin | Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
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| Cytoskeleton | A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep its shape, and aids in movement
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| Microfilaments | Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell's cytoskeleton
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| Intermediate filaments | Threadlike proteins in the cell's cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as microfilaments
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| Phospholipid | A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group
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| Passive transport | Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion
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| Active transport | Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy
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| Isotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is essentially equal to that of the cell which resides in the solution
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| Hypertonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution
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| Plasmolysis | Collapse of a walled cell's cytoplasm due to a lack of water
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| Cytolysis | The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure
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| Hypotonic solution | A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution
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| Activation energy | Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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