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Body Vocab.

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
adrenal   At, near, or on the kidneys; of or relating to the adrenal glands or their secretions.  
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adrenal cortex   The outer portion of the adrenal glands that produces several steroid hormones, including cortisol and aldosterone.  
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aorta   the main trunk of the arterial system, conveying blood from the left ventricle of the heart to all of the body except the lungs.  
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arteriole   any of the smallest branches of an artery, terminating in capillaries  
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bacillus   any rod-shaped or cylindrical bacterium of the genus Bacillus, comprising spore-producing bacteria;  
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bile duct   a large duct that transports bile from the liver to the duodenum  
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bursa   A sac or saclike bodily cavity, especially one containing a viscous lubricating fluid and located between a tendon and a bone or at points of friction between moving structures.  
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calculus   a stone, or concretion, formed in the gallbladder, kidneys, or other parts of the body.  
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calyx   A cuplike structure or organ, such as one of the cuplike divisions of the pelvis or of the kidney.  
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carcinoma   An invasive malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue that tends to metastasize to other areas of the body; cancer.  
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cecum   The large blind pouch forming the beginning of the large intestine. Also called blind gut; A saclike cavity with only one opening.  
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cerebellum   a large portion of the brain, serving to coordinate voluntary movements, posture, and balance in humans, being in back of and below the cerebrum and consisting of two lateral lobes and a central lobe.  
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cerebral cortex   The extensive outer layer of gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres, largely responsible for higher brain functions, including sensation, voluntary muscle movement, thought, reasoning, and memory.  
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choroid (coat)   a pigmented, highly vascular membrane of the eye that is continuous with the iris and lies between the sclera and the retina, functioning to nourish the retina and absorb scattered light.  
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ciliary   Of, relating to, or resembling cilia.  
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coccyx   a small triangular bone forming the lower extremity of the spinal column in humans, consisting of four ankylosed rudimentary vertebrae; tailbone  
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cochlea   A spiral-shaped cavity of the inner ear that resembles a snail shell and contains nerve endings essential for hearing.  
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common bile duct   The duct formed by the union of the cystic duct and the hepatic duct that carries bile from the liver and the gallbladder to the duodenum.  
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duodenum   the first portion of the small intestine, from the stomach to the jejunum.  
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fascia   a band or sheath of connective tissue investing, supporting, or binding together internal organs or parts of the body.  
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Eustachian tube   A slender tube that connects the tympanic cavity with the nasal part of the pharynx and serves to equalize air pressure on either side of the eardrum  
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gallbladder   a pear-shaped, muscular sac attached to the undersurface of the right lobe of the liver, in which bile is stored and concentrated.  
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ganglion   A group of nerve cells forming a nerve center, especially one located outside the brain or spinal cord; A benign cystic lesion resembling a tumor, occurring in a tendon sheath or joint capsule.  
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gland   a cell, group of cells, or organ producing a secretion  
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glomerulus   a compact cluster of capillaries, also called Malpighian tuft; a tuft of convoluted capillaries in the nephron of a kidney, functioning to remove certain substances from the blood before it flows into the convoluted tubule.  
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hydrophysis   (pituitary gland) the master gland of the endocrine system; located at the base of the brain  
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capillary   the smallest type of blood vessel in the human body  
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ventricles   the two lower chambers of the heart  
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