Psychology 100 Stress, Coping and Health Chapter
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| Stress | Tension, discomfort, or physical symptoms that arise when a situation strains our ability to cope effectively
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| Stressor | Situation that strains our ability to cope effectively
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| Traumatic Event | Event severe enough to have the potential to produce long-term psychological or health consequences
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| Stress As Stimuli | Focus on identifying different types of stressful events
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| Stress as a Transaction | Focus on how people interpret and cope with stress
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| Primary Appraisal | Initial decision - is event harmful?
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| Secondary Appraisal | Given decision - how to cope?
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| Problem-Focused Coping | Tackle life's challenges head-on
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| Emotion-Focused Coping | Positive outlook on feelings or situations. Behaviors to reduce painful emotions
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| Stress as a Response | Focus on assessing psychological and physical reactions to stressful circumstances
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| Hassles | Minor annoyances or nuisances that strain our ability to cope
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| Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) | Stress-response pattern consisting of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages
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| Alarm Reaction | Hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis arousal
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| Resistance Stage | Adapting to stressor and finding ways to cope with it
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| Tend and Befriend | Some people nurture or seek social support under stress
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| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | Psychological condition that may follow trauma which involves: vivid flashbacks, efforts to avoid reminders of the trauma, feelings of detachment, increased arousal
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| Brain-Body Reaction to Stress | Suggestion alone can produce an uncomfortable rash much like that produced by poison ivy in people who are highly sensitive to it.
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| The Immune System | Body's defense system against invading bacteria, viruses, and other potentially illness-producing organisms and substances
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| Phagocytes | Consists of Neutrophils and Macrophages
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| Neutrophils | Engulfs invaders
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| Macrophages | Eat antigens, waste
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| Lymphocytes | Consists of T Cells and B Cells
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| T Cells | "KIller T"; pop infected cells
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| B Cells | Produce antibodies, which flag invaders for destruction
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| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) | Life-threatening, incurable (yet treatable) condition in which the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks and damages the immune system
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| Psychoneuroimmunology | Study of the relationship between the immune system and the central nervous system
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| Biopsychosocial Perspective | An illness or medical condition is produced by the interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors
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| Psychophysiological | Illness in which emotions and stress contribute to, maintain, or aggravate the physical condition
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| Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) | Damage to the heart from blockage of the arteries that provide oxygen to the heart
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| Social Support | Relationships with people and groups that can provide us with emotional comfort and personal and financial resources
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| Behavioral Control | Problem-focused coping is more effective than avoidance oriented coping
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| Cognitive Control | Cognitive restructuring allows people to think differently about negative emotions
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| Decisional Control | Ability to choose among alternative courses of action
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| Informational Control | Proactive coping-anticipation of problems and stressful situations that promotes effective coping
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| Emotional Control | Ability to suppress and express emotions
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| Catharsis | Expressing what we feel
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| Flexible Coping | Instructing somebody NOT to think of something makes them think about it more
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| Hardiness | Set of attitudes marked by a sense of control over events, commitment to life and work, and courage and motivation to confront stressful events
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| Optimism | Associated with lower mortality, fewer physical complaints, less distress
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| Self-enhancement | People who are self-centered adjust well
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| Spirituality and Religious Involvement | Search for the sacred, which may or may not extend to belief in God
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| Rumination | Focusing on negative feelings related to problems, and analyzing causes and consequences of problems
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