Ones you need to know
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| The First Pope, 30-67 | Peter
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| Tried to hold the West together as Rome disintegrated, opposed Attila the Hun, 440-461 | Leo I
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| Came up with Gregorian chants, 590-604 | Gregory I
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| Tried to limit civil authority over the Church, Investiture controversy against the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV, who was forced to do penance at Canossa, 1073-1085 | Gregory VII
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| Tried to limit civil authority over the Church, called the 4th Council of the Lateran, conflicts with John I of England, called for the 4th Crusade | Innocent III
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| Autocratic, but determined to foster spirituality through art, hired Michelangelo, called the 5th Council of Lateran, 1503-1513 | Julius II
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| Called the Council of Trent, Catholic Counterrevolution, Battle at Lepanto which repulsed Islam, 1566-72 | Pius V
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| Longest papacy after Peter, notion of Papal infallibility, called First Vatican Council, lost the Papal States to Italy, 1846-1878 | Pius IX
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| Championed rights of labor, unions, resisted socialism, 1878-1903 | Leo XIII
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| World War II Pope, 1939-1958 | Pius XII
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| Convened Vatican II, hoped to open Church to positive aspects of modernity, reconciliation with Jews and Eastern Orthodox, 1958-1963 | John XXIII
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| Third longest papacy, most traveled pope, helped defeat Communism and liberate English Europe, First Polish Pope, 1978-2005 | John Paul II
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| Present Pope, 2005 | Benedict XVI
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| Called for the First Crusade in 1095, 1088-1099 | Urban II
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| Only English Pope, granted Ireland to Henry II, 1154-59 | Adrian IV
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| Pope during the trial of Galileo, 1623-44 | Urban VIII
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| Created a cardinal at age 14, part of the de Medici family, pope during the Protestant Reformation, 1513-1521 | Leo X
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