| Question |
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| Answer |
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| Lubricant drops (OTC) Brand name |
*Lacri-tears *Genteal *Opti-tears *Tears |
| Lubricant drops (OTC) dose |
1-2 drops into affected eye QD to prn |
| Lubricant drops (OTC) MOA |
Acts like mucin and stabilize tear film to reduce evaporation |
| Lubricant drops (OTC) common SE |
Crusting on eyelids, allergy to preservative |
| Lubricant ointments (OTC) ingredients |
White petrolatum, Mineral oil, Anhydrouslanolin, Hydroxypropylcellulose |
| Lubricant ointments (OTC) dosing |
Apply QD (often at bedtime) to prn |
| Lubricant ointments (OTC) MOA |
Acts like mucin and stabilize tear film to reduce evaporation |
| Lubricant ointments (OTC) SE |
Blurred vision |
| Mast cell stabilizer (Rx) Brands |
Opticrom, Crolom,Alomide,Alamast,Alocril |
| Mast cell stabilizer (Rx) Ingredients |
Cromolyn 4%,Lodoxamide 0.1%, Pemirolast 0.1%,Nedocromil 2%, |
| Opticrom, Crolom dosing |
1 drop 4-6 times per day and then taper to BID as symptoms improve |
| Alomide dosing |
1-2 drops QID for up to 3 months |
| Alamast dosing |
1-2 drops BID-QID |
| Alocril dosing |
1-2 drops BID |
| Mast cell stabilizer (Rx) MOA |
Decrease the degranulation of mast cells and prevent the release of inflammatory mediators |
| Mast cell stabilizer (Rx) SE |
HA, ocular burning/stinging, rhinitis |
| Antihistamine (Rx) Brand names |
Livostin, Emadine |
| Antihistamine (Rx) dosing |
1 drop in each eye BID-QID |
| Antihistamine (Rx) MOA |
Relatively to highly selective H1 receptor antagonists |
| Antihistamine (Rx) SE |
Burning, stinging upon instillation; mydriasis, HA |
| Decongestant (OTC) Ingredients |
Naphazoline HCl, Tetrahydrozoline, Phenylephrine,Oxymetazoline HCl |
| Decongestant (OTC) dosing |
1-2 drops in each eye QD-QID for all four agents |
| Decongestant (OTC) MOA |
Vasoconstriction to reduce redness, vascular congestion, eyelid edema |
| Decongestant (OTC) SE |
Conjunctivitis medicamentosa, stinging upon instillation, mydriasis |
| NSAIDS (Rx) Brand |
Acular |
| NSAIDS (Rx) dosing |
1 drop in affected eye(s) QID up to 7 days |
| NSAIDS (Rx) MOA |
Inhibit COX, decreasing prostaglandins |
| NSAIDS (Rx) SE |
Hypersensitivity, transient burning/stinging (40%), dry eye, ocular infections, visual disturbancesCI: Pregnant women (3rd trimester) |
| Steroids (Rx) Brand |
Decadron, Maxidex, Pred Mild, FML,HMS, Lotemax, Alrex, Vexol |
| Steroids (Rx) Dosing |
1 drop TID-QID Note: you may see 1 drop of the ophthalmic solution q hour while awake x 1 week and then reduced for severe cases |
| Steroids (Rx) MOA |
Decrease production of prostaglandins and leukotrienes |
| Steroids (Rx) SE |
Increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma), cataracts, predisposition to ocular infection, blurred vision, dry eye |
| Antihistamine and Mast Cell Stabilizer (Rx) Brand |
Patanol, Zaditor |
| Antihistamine and Mast Cell Stabilizer (Rx) Dosing |
1-2 drops BID (space by 6-8 hours) |
| Antihistamine and Mast Cell Stabilizer (Rx) MOA |
H1 receptor antagonism and mast cell stabilization |
| Antihistamine and Mast Cell Stabilizer (Rx) SE |
Stinging upon administration and headache. |
| AntihistamineMast Cell Stabilizer, and Eosinophil inhibitor (Rx) Brand |
Optivar, Zaditor |
| AntihistamineMast Cell Stabilizer, and Eosinophil inhibitor (Rx) MOA |
H1 receptor antagonism, mast cell stabilization, and direct inhibitory effect on eosinophil chemotaxis and degranulation |
| AntihistamineMast Cell Stabilizer, and Eosinophil inhibitor (Rx) SE |
Conjunctival infection, HA, rhinitis, burning/stinging, bitter taste |
| Antihistamine and Decongestant (OTC) Brand |
Naphcon A, Opcon-A, Vasocon-A |
| Antihistamine and Decongestant (OTC) dosing |
1-2 drops in each eye BID-QID |
| Antihistamine and Decongestant (OTC) MOA |
H1 receptor antagonism and Vasoconstriction to reduce redness, vascular congestion, eyelid edema |
| Antihistamine and Decongestant (OTC) SE |
Burning, stinging upon instillation; mydriasis, HA, conjunctivitis medicamentosa, stinging upon instillation |
| Antiviral (Rx) Brand |
Viroptic |
| Antiviral (Rx)- Viroptics generic name |
Trifluridine |
| Antiviral (Rx) Dosing |
1 drop q2h while awake (9 drops max/day) until healed ulcer, then 1 drop q4h (5 drops max/day) x 7 more days not to exceed 21 days of therapy |
| Antiviral (Rx) MOA |
Inhibit DNA synthesis by inhibiting thymidylic phosphorylase which is needed for the incorporation of thymidine into the viral DNA |
| Antiviral (Rx) SE |
Burning, corneal edema, punctate lesions in corneal epithelium can occur with trifluridine cytotoxicity |
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