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Personality Chpt 15

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
learning   change of behavior as a function of experience  
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behaviorism   the only valid way to know about somebody is to watch what they do  
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functional analysis   maps out exactly how behavior is a function of one's environmental situation  
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empiricism   the idea that all knowledge comes from experience  
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associationism   any two things, including ideas, become mentally associated as one if they are repeatedly experienced close together in time and space  
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hedonism   people learn to seek pleasure and avoid pain  
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habituation   the simplest way a behavior changes as a result of experience  
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classical conditioning   ivan pavlov, mostly with animals, salivate to bell not food  
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learned helplessness   feeling of anxiety due to unpredictability  
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respondant conditioning   the CR is essentially passive with no impact of its own  
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operant conditioning   learn to operate on its world in such a way as to change it to animal's advantage  
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reinforcement   the behavior become more likely  
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punishment   averse consequence that follows an act in order to stop it and prevent its repetition  
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how to punish   availablity of alternatives, behavioral and situational specificity, timing and consistency, conditioning secondary punishing stimuli, avoiding mixed messages  
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dangers of punishment   arousing emotion, hard to be consistent, hard to gage severity of punishment, misuse of power, motivates concealment  
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habit hierarchy   behavior most likely to perform is at top and least is at bottom  
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drive   state of tension that feels good when the tension is reduced  
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primary drives   food, water, comfort, avoidance of pain  
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secondary drive   positive drives for love, money, prestige, power  
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frustration-aggression hypothesis   the natural, biological reaction of any person to being blocked from a goal  
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approach-avoidance conflict   conflict between desires and fear and the way it can change over time  
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expectancy value theory   behavioral decisions are determined not just by the prescence or size of reinforcement but by the beliefs of likely behavior  
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expectency   an individuals belief about how likely it seems that the behavior will attain its goal  
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efficacy expectations   belief that one can accomplish something but also one's interpretation of reality matters more than reality itself  
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self-efficacy   what a person is capable of doing  
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self concept   afffects your efficacy expectation in this domain  
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observational learning   learning a behavior vicariously by seeing someone else do it  
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reciprocal determinism   how people shape their environments  
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