Interest Groups 11
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| Interest Group | An organization of people with shared policy goals entering the policy process at several points to try to achieve those goals.
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| Pluralist Theory | A theory enphasizing that politics is mainly a competition among groups, each one pressing for its own preferred policies.
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| Elite Theory | A theory contending that societies are divided along class lines and that an upper class elite will rule.
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| Hyperpluralist Theory | A theory contending that groups are so strong that government is weakened.
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| Subgovernments | A netowrk of groups within the American political system that exercise a great deal of control over specific policy ares.
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| Potential Group | All the people who might be interest group members because they share some common interest.
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| Actual Group | The part of the potential group consisting of members who actually join.
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| Collective Good | Something of value that cannot be withheld from a group member.
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| Free-Rider Problem | Problem faced when people do not join because they can benefit from the group's activities without actually joining.
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| Olson's Law of Large Groups | Principle by Mancur Olson stating "thel arger the group, the further it will fall short of providing an optimal amount of a collective good."
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| Selective Benefits | Goods that a group can restrict to those who pay their annual dues.
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| Single Issue Groups | Groups that have a narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw memberwhip from people new to politics.
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| Lobbying | Communication by someone other than a citizen acting on own behalf directed to a gov't decision maker to influence a decision.
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| Electioneering | Aiding candidates financially and getting group members out to support them.
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| Political Action Committees | Political funding vehicles created by 1974 campaign finance reforms, PACs are used by interest groups to donate
money to candidates.
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| Amicus Curiae | Briefs submitted by a “friend of the court” to raise additional points of view and present information not contained in the briefs of the formal parties.
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| Class Action Suits | lawsuits permit a small number of people to sue on behalf of
all other people similar situated.
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| Union Shop | Provision found in some collective bargaining agreements requiring all employees of a busniess to join the union within a short period.
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| Right to Work Laws | State law forbidding requirements that workers must join a union to hold their jobs. Permitted by Taft Harley Act of 1947.
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| Public Interest Lobbies | Organizations that seek "a collective good,the achievment that will not selectively and materially benefit the membership of the organization"
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