Terms related to world war 1.

Help

Term

Description

Nationalism

strong devotion to a nation's interests

Militarism

nation's emphasis on aggressve military preparedness

Imperialism

Process of extending economic, military, and political influence over other nations

triple entente

Became allied powers-France, Britain, Russia

Triple Alliance

central powers, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

pacifists

believed that all wars should be outlawed

Gavrilo Princip

Serbian nationalist who assassinated Archduke Ferdinand

Black Hand

Serbian nationalist group that wanted to unite Bosnia and Herzegovina

Central Powers

military alliance during WWI consisting of Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman empire

Allied Powers

Military alliance during WWI consisting of more than 20 nations including Russia, France, and Britain

Schlieffen Plan

German plan to conquer France and then Russia by pushing through Belgium into Northern France

alfred Nobel

the swedish discoverer of dynamite

stalemate

neither side able to win

Trench Warfare

method of fighting in ditches deep enough to enable soldiers to fight standing up

the Hague Court

permanent court of arbitration to provide nations with neutral arbitrations to dispute.

u-boat

German submarine

lusitania

british passenger liner sunk by german u-boat

zimmermann telegram

secret message from german foreign secretary to mexico suggesting an alliance against the U.S.

Woodrow Wilson

President of U.S. during WWI

5 major powers in europe

Great Britain, Russia, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary.

treaty of brest-litovsk

peace treaty signed by russia and germany ending russia's involvement in WWI. Russia gave up 1/3 population and 1/4 land.

alsace and Lorraine

Germany took it from France

powder keg of europe

the balkans

Krupp works

arm maker that sold weapons to both sides

Serbia

Austria lost arch-duke then attacked Serbia cause of that

Neutrality proclamation

wilson issued it to announce that the U.S. is neutral

First battle of marne

French and British stooped germans and realized not quick victory

Battle of Somme

British lost 60,000 one day

new weapons

tank, posion gas, airplanes, machine guns

influences vs. U.S. neutrality

british examining u.s. ships, u-boats, luisitania killing 128 americans

William Jennings bryan

sec of state, argued u.s could not issue ultamatium and remain neutral thought wilsons commercial trade helped allies

Sussex pledge

U.S. forced german renewal to not sink liners wo/ warning or assuing passenger saftey

Robert Lansing

Bryan's succesor encouraged trade in war materials esp. w/ allies

National Defense act; "military preparedness program"

increased # of soldiers in reg army helped nat. guard and navy

jeanette rankin

from montana, wanted to support country but refused war, pacifist and leader of woman's suffrage movement

selective service act

1917- required men 21-30 (changed 18-45) to register w/ local draft boards (2.8 mil drafted) in hope to bring together diff. backrounds

American Expeditionary Force

led by Pershing; fought w/ france (helped build)

convoy system

merchant vessels escorted by warships; transported supplies and volunteers

marshal ferdinand foch

french military leader; pershing joins

General Von Hindenbourg

led german troops

armistice

to cease fire signed nov 11, 1918@ 11am

armistice terms

germ evacuate france, belgium, luxembourg, & alsace lorraine; surrender war materials; allies alowed to occupy rhineland

american battles

belleau wood, St. mihiel, 2nd battle of marne

croix de guerre

"cross of war" french military honor given to af. american troop ( for argonne offensive)

germ power

Wilhelm 2 goes into exile Netherlands

William McAdoo

sec of treasury-war bonds, increased taxes, gov set prices& production levels, regulation of business

Food Administration

Herbert Hoover; increase farm production, observe meatless and wheatless days, grow gardens

Fuel Act

Harry Garfield- heatless mondays, closed factories when short of fuel

War Industries Board

Bernard Baruch- resp for locating scare materials, set prices , production priorities

labor probs

due to draft, lack of european immigration & union strikes short of labor

National War Labor Board (NWLB)

created by wilson- composed of reps from business's; arbitrated disputes between employers and workers (caused union membership to grow)

woman's roles

took over jobs of men @ war; volunteered war hospitals

Carie Chapman Catt

woman's suffrage leader; on committe of council of nat. defense( supported war)

harriet stanton blanch

head food administration speakers bureau- helped passage of 19th amendment

mexican immigration

fleeing mex revolution lured by southern farmers

great migration

african americans from south to north; better standard of living but racial violence

Committe on Public Information

George Creel- prog to support war; warned about spies, criticizing gov, changed names of german foods etc

sedition& espionage act

1917- outlawed acts of treason; made crime to recognize disloyalty, opposition to draft, war bonds or arms industry (arrested socialist's berger and debs)

fourteen points

wilson's program for world peace dealt with self determination, causes of war, league of nations

Big four

Wilson, Orlando, Lloyd George, Clemenceau

Victtorio Orlando

Italy's prime minister- make sure italy got territories guaranteed before war

David Lloyd George

British prime minister- didnt want to show generosity twd germans or give up naval supremecy (against wilson's plan)

George Clemenceau

ensure french security w/ revenge on germ

Reparations

insisted germ bare finacial cost of war; wanted secret spoils of war treaties honored (violated wilson's plan)

treaty of versailles

ended ww1-Germ colonies & ottoman empire divided among allied nations as specified in spoils of war treaty; creation league of nations

mandate system

required new colonial rulers to report on administraion to league of nations

new nations

czechoslavakia, yugoslavia, finland, estonia, lativa, lithuania, poland

treaty bitter for germ

lost colonies, france reclaimed alsace lorriane (won 15 yr control of saar; rich in coal and iron); disarmed & forced to admit full guilt

Wilson's proposal for league of nations

headquartered in geneva; permenant administrative assembly, each nation one vote and a council, 5 perm members: france britain italy japan & us(never joined)

league covenant

solve disputes peacefully; waiting period before war, if failed to follow council could apply economic pressure and use force; article 10

article 10

respect and preserve independence & territorial integrity of all member nations

irreconcilables

14 republicans wanted nothing to do with treaty and league of nations

reservationists

led by henry cabot lodge; 35 republicans senators would support treaty if league covenant amended because they objected article 10; wanted to protect senate's power to declare war

henry cabot lodge

mass. head of senate's committe on foreign relations; wilson's enemy (led reservationists)

wilson's campaign

9,500 speaking tour defending treaty; collapsed from stroke; treaty failed

1920 election

american's wanted to put war behind; league of nations formed without america

global impact

europe: industry and agriculture not enough to meet demand; germ: food shortages & lost territory

Belgium

invaded by Germany

Battle of Marne

marked first turning point in war, Germany lost quick victory