son of Jacob who became vizier to an Egyptian pharoah
Moses
used by God to deliver Israelites from Egypt
Jean Francis Champollion
French scholar who deciphered Rosetta Stone
Menes
united upper and lower Egypt and became first pharoah of all Egypt
Hatshepsut
only female pharoah of Egypt
Ramses
pharoah who had many statues of himself built
Thutmose III
pharaoh under whom Egyptian empire reached its greatest extent.
pyramids
huge tombs made of large stone blocks arranged to rise evenly to a point.
sphinxes
large stone statues with the heads of men, rams, or hawks and the bodies of lions.
hieroglyphics
means "sacred carvings"; strange writing of the ancient Egyptians.
Rosetta stone
contained message carved in three languages: hieroglyphics, demotic, and Greek
Nile River
longest river in the world and one of few that flow south to north; made ancient Egypt an oasis in a desert.
pharaohs
Egyptians kings
mummification
Egyptian process of preserving dead bodies.
dynasties
families within which the right to be king passed from one member to another.
Great Pyramid
the largest pyramid in Egypt
Great Sphinx
gigantic statue carved in limestone; has a lion's body and a human face
vizier
chief assistant to the pharaoh
humanism
believing humans have the power of gods. The Egyptians made their pharoahs into gods.
Mizraim
Ham's son who settled in Egypt
Lower Egypt
the northern section of Egypt, including the delta region
Upper Egypt
the southern section of Egypt
Who united the two kingdoms of Egypt?
Menes
Memphis
The new capital of Egypt, built by Menes
Step pyramid
built for Djoser; small pyramid made of stacked mastabas
Giza
city where the three most famous pyramids were built: the Great Pyramid (for Khufu), the second largest (for Khafre), and third (for Menkaure). The Great Sphinx is also in Giza.
Hyksos
invaded and conquered Egypt using chariots
Old Kingdom
the kingdom that ended during a period of internal turmoil
Middle Kingdom
the kingdom that ended when the Hyksos conquered Egypt
nomes
the small divisions of Upper and Lower Egypt
cataracts
the rapids found in the Nile River
delta
the fan-shaped region where the Nile runs into the Mediterranean Sea
mastabas
stone structures that were flat on top and had sloping sides; used as tombs
papyrus
Egyptian paper made from the plant of the same name
