US and VA history
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| Inuit | hunted seal and walrus
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| extended families | headed by elder woman
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| Crusades | expeditions to free Christianity's holy land from Muslims
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| Renaissance | period between 1350 and 1600, it referred to the "rebirth" of interest in ancient Greece and Rome. produced new ideas and technology for Europe
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| Columbus | landed in the Bahamas and met the people called Taino, who were part of the Arawak. he called them Indians
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| Maize | also known as corn, was first crop native Americans used to make bread
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| astrolabe | a device which used the position of the sun to determine direction, latitude, and local time
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| Treaty of Tordesillas | confirmed Portugal's right to control the route around Africa to India and confirmed Spain's claim to the new lands of America
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| potatoes | became an important crop in Europe because the same amount of land planted with potatoes instead of rye could feed 4x the people
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| Louis Joliet and Jaques Marquette | Joliet was a fur trader and Marquette was a Jesuit priest. they set off in search of a waterway the Algonquian people called the "big river" they found the Mississippi river and went as far as the Arkansas river
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| tobacco | a cash crop for Jamestown. produced and sold for profit in England
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| Puritans | immigrated to escape depression in England's wool industry and believed that every congregation should elect its own ministers
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| Providence | a town in Rhode Island that tolerated different religious beliefs
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| Thomas Hooker | a reverend who believed that everyone should be able to vote, not just church members
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| William Penn | a Quaker who inherited the debt the king owed his father and therefore received New York and Maryland to settle it. he bought a colony and named it Pennsylvania
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| encomienda system | protect Native America and try to convert them to Christianity
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| imprisoned people | they wanted to start a new life in the Georgia colony, free from their debt in England
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| troubles in Jamestown | people didn't know how to raise livestock, the upper class refused to do manual labor, Jamestown was built on swampy land with Malaria carrying mosquitoes
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| Massachusetts Bay Colony Charter | called General Court, was made up of people who owned stock
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| Roger Williams | ordered to leave Massachusetts for being a separatist
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| Quaker beliefs | pacifism, no need for ministers, believed that everyone had an "inner light" from god
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| VA and MD plantation size (1700's) | grew from the 1600's because of the switch from indentured servants to slave labor
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| Bacon's Rebellion | convinced many planters that the way to keep a Virginia colony stable was to have land available in the back country
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| Middle colonies | few wheat planters became wealthy because the cutting of wheat had to be done by hand
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| Enlightenment | 1700's, promoted science and knowledge and emphasised logic and reason
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| indentured servants (Chesapeake) | they couldn't afford land after their 7 years were up. therefore they couldn't make any money for themselves
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| Virginia slave code | 1705, a set of laws that formally regulated slavery
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| Mercantilists | people who believed that to become wealthy and powerful, a country had to accumulated gold and silver
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| staple act | caused higher prices for goods in the colonies
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| John Locke | Two Treatises of Government, which argued that a monarch's right to rule came from the people. everyone has natural rights of life, liberty, and property. the government has to protect these rights and if they don't, the people have the right to rebel
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