Basic Chem
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| the highly reactive metallic elements located in Group 1 of the periodic table | alkali metals
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| the reactive metallic elements located in Group 2 of the periodic table | alkaline-earth metals
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| an ion with a negative charge | anion
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| a quantity equal to one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom | atomic mass unit (amu)
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| the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom | atomic number
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| the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element | average atomic mass
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| the number of particles in 1 mol; equals 6.022 3 × 1023/mol | Avogadro’s constant
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| an ion with a positive charge | cation
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| a ratio equal to one that expresses the same quantity in two different ways | conversion factor
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| a tiny negatively charged subatomic particle moving around outside the nucleus of an atom | electron
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| any of the possible energies an electron may have in an atom | energy level
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| a vertical column of elements in the periodic table; also called a family | group
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| the highly reactive elements located in Group 17 of the periodic table | halogens
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| an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons | ion
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| the process of adding electrons to or removing electrons from an atom or group of atoms | ionization
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| any atoms having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons | isotopes
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| the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom | mass number
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| the elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity | metals
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| the mass in grams of 1 mol of a substance | molar mass
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| the SI base unit that describes the amount of a substance | mole
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| a neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom | neutron
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| the unreactive gaseous elements located in Group 18 of the periodic table | noble gases
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| the elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity | nonmetals
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| the center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons | nucleus
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| a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons | orbital
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| a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table | period
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| the properties of elements tend to repeat in a regular pattern when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number | periodic law
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| a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom | proton
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| the elements that are intermediate conductors of heat and electricity | semiconductors
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| the metallic elements located in Groups 3–12 of the periodic table | transition metals
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| an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom | valence electron
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