A&P Chapter 03
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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All cells are composed of this which is an aqueous colloidal solution of carbohydrates, protein, lipids, etc. | Protoplasm
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These compounds are the building blocks of structures within the protoplasm | Organelles
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Higher cells like those in the human body | Eukaryotic
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Cells that do not have membrane-bound organelles | Prokaryotic
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Protoplasm inside the nucleus | Nucleoplasm
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Protoplasm outside the nucleus | Cytoplasm
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Cells are measured by this | Microns or Micrometers
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Cell surrounded by a cell membrane by this | Plasma Membrane or the Plasmalemma
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Molecules of protein and phospholipids are currently referred to in their arrangement as this | Fluid Mosaic Pattern
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Compounds with such unpolarized bonds | Nonpolar
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Area within the cytoplasm that is surrounded by a vacuolar membrane | Vacuoles
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Most prominent structure in the cell | Nucleus
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Fluid-containing structure that is separated from the cytoplasm, and is usually refer to as the nuclear envelope | Nuclear Membrane
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Genetic material of cells located in the nucleus of the cell that determines all the functions and characteristics of the cell | Deoxyribonucleic Acid
(DNA)
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A type of nucleic acid | Ribonucleic Acid
(RNA)
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Genetic material of the cell | Chromatin
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Spherical particle within the nucleoplasm that does not have a covering membrane around it | Nucleolus
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Small oblong-shaped structures composed of two membranes | Mitochondrion or Mitochondria
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Folds of the inner membrane | Cristae
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Small bodies in the cytoplasm that contain powerful digestive enzymes to enhance the breakdown of cellular components | Lysosomes
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This process is when lysosomes act as a suicide agent in old and weakened cells | Autolysis
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Complex system of membranes that form a collection of membrane-bound cavities. | Endoplastic Reticulum
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Cavities are sac like or channel like | Cisternae
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All cells would have this | Rough or granular ER
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This would attached to the granular ER | Smooth or Angular ER
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Consists of an assembles of flat sac like cisternae that resembles a stack of saucers of pancakes | Golgi Apparatus
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Tiny granules distributed throughout the cytoplasm and are attached to the rough or granular ER | Ribosomes
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Copies the code from the DNA molecule to the nucleus | Messenger RNA
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Assistance of an enzyme | Transcription
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Go into the cytoplasm and collect the amino acids | Transfer RNA
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Series of tRNA molecules bring the amino acids to certain sites on the mRNA molelecu | Translation
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Numerous ribosomes found in the cell indicate the importance and significance | Protein Synthesis
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Found only in animal cells at right angles to each other near the nuclear membrane | Centriols
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The pair together is referred to | Centrosome
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Centrioles move to each side of the dividing cell and position themselves at a location called the opposite pole of the cell | Microtubules
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Long, hollow cylinders made of protein | Tubulin
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Cellular organelles located on the cell surface | Cilia and Flagella
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Cause plants to look green | Chloroplasts
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Many stacks of membrane | Granunm
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Made of a stack of individual double membranes | Thylakoid
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Similar in structure to chloroplasts but contain other pigments | Chromoplasts
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Cartenoid pigments | Xanthophyll
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Produce a red orange color | Carotene
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Another type of plastid | Leucoplast
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Semirigid covering the cell wall made of complex carbohydrate | Cellulose
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The genetic material of the cell, either DNA or RNA | Nucleic acid
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Every DNA molecule has this double helical chain of this | Nucleotides
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Purine pairs with | Thymine
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Guanine pairs with | Cytosine
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Sequence of organic nitrogen base pair codes for a polypetide or a protein | gene
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Between phases and is the longest and most dynamic part of a cells life | Interphase
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Dark threads | Chromatin
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Mitosis is the process of cellular reproduction that occurs in the nucleus and form two identical nuclei | Mitosis
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Coiled duplicated chromosomes that have shortened and thickened are now visible | Prophase
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Sister chromatids remain attached to one another | Centromere
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Pinched-in area of the chromosome where a disk of protein | Kinetrochore
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Centriole pair begin to move apart to the opposite poles of the cell forming a group of microtubules between them | Spindle Fibers
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Starburst form is called this | Aster
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Sister chromatids align themselves at the center of the cell | Metaphase
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Shortest stage of mitosis and is on of the most dynamic stages to observe | Anaphase
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Final stage of Mitosis | Telophase
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Furrowing in of pinching in of the cell membrane | Clevage Furrow
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Forms at the equator | Cell Plate
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DNA has already duplicated before the onset of meiosis | Prophase I
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Spindle microtubules attract to the kinetochore only on the outside of each centromere and the centromeres are are attached to the microtubules from the opposite side | Metaphase I
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Microtubules of the spindle shorten and pulled the centromeres toward the poles, dragging both sister chromatids with it | Anaphase I
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Homologous chromosome pairs have separated and now a member of each pair is at the opposite ends of the spindle | Telophase I
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Each of the two daughter cells produced in the first meiotic division, a spindle forms, and the chromosomes shorten,coil, and thicken | Prophase II
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Each of the two daughter cells, the chromosomes line up on the equatorial plate | Metaphase II
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The centromeres of the chromosomes divide | Anaphase II
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New nuclear membranes form around the separated chromatids, the spindle dissapears, and the chromosomes uncoil and decondense | Telaphase II
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Occurring in the semiferous tubules of the testes | Spermatogenesis
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Formation of the female egg | Oogenesis
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Smaller cells produced | Polar Bodies
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