AP Intro to HG The Cultural Landscape James M. Rubenstein
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| Agricultural Density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture. (High density=inefficient agriculture) | Latitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator.
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| Cartography | The science of making maps. | Location | The position of anything on Earth's surface.
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| Connections | Relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space. | Longitude | The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian.
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| Concentration | The spread of something over a given area. | Map | 2D or flat representation of Earth's surface or a portion of it.
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| Contagious Diffusion | The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population. | Mental Map | An internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface based on what an individual knows about a place, containing personal impressions of what is in a place and where places are located.
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| Cultural Ecology | Geographic approach that emphasizes human-environment relationships. | Meridian | An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles.
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| Cultural Landscape | Fashioning of a natural landscape by a culture group. | Parallel | A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.
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| Culture | The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition. | Physiological Density | The number of people per unit of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture.
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| Density | The frequency of which something exists within a given unit of area. | Place | A specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular character.
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| Diffusion | The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time. | Polder | Land created by the Dutch by draining water from an area.
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| Distance Decay | The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. | Possibilism | The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
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| Distribution | The arrangement of something across Earth's surface. | Prime Meridian | The meridian designated at 0 degrees longitude, which passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
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| Environmental Determinism | A 19th- and early 20th-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the genral laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activs.. | Principal Meridian | A north-south line designated in the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the U.S.
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| Expansion Diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in a snowballing process. | Region | An area distinguished by a unique combo of trends or features.
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| Formal Region | (or uniform/homogeneous) An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics. | Regional Studies | (or cultural landscape) An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.
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| Functional Region | (or nodal) An area organized around a node or focal point. | Relocation Diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
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| Geographic Information System | (GIS) A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data. | Remote Sensing | The acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or other long-distance methods.
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| Globalization | Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope. | Resource | Substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access, and socially acceptable to use.
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| Global Positioning System | (GPS) A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers. | Scale | GENERALLY, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, SPECIFICALLY, the relationship between the size of the object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth's surface.
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| Greenwich Mean Time | The time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0 degrees longitude. | Section | A square normally 1 mile on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided townships in the U.S. into 36 sections.
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| Hearth | The region from which innovative ideas originate. | Site | The physical character of a place.
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| Hierarchical Diffusion | The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places. | Situation | Location of a place relative to other places.
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| International Date Line | An arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude. When you go East, the clock goes back one day. Vice Versa for going West. | Space | The physical gap or interval between two objects.
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| Land Ordinance of 1785 | A law that divided much of the U.S. into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers. | Space-Time Compression | The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place, as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.
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| Township | A square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the U.S. into a series of townships. | Transnational Corporation | A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.
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| Uneven Development | The increasing gap in economic conditions between the core & peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy | Vernacular Region | (or perceptual) An area that people believe to exist as a part of their cultural identity.
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| Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. | Stimulus Diffusion | The spread of an underlying principle, even though a specific characteristic is REJECTED.
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| Base Line | An east-west line designated under the Land Ordinance of 1785 to facilitate the surveying and numbering of townships in the United States. | Toponym | The name given to a portion of Earth's surface.
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