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chapter 5 and 6 study guide (lecture)

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Question
Answer
mesoderm gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood   true  
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. Columnar cells lining the small intestine show a brush border of microvilli in the apical surface.   true  
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Nonkeratinized cells exfoliate from the surface of the skin.   true  
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In an epithelium, there is almost no extracellular matrix.   true  
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The clear gel that usually surrounds cells is called interstitial fluid   false/matrix  
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Fibrocartilage is found in intervertebral discs   true  
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Blood consists of cells and a ground substance made of formed elements.   true  
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Desmosomes are more effective than tight junctions in preventing substances from passing between cells.   false  
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the duct of an endocrine gland leads into the bloodstream rather than onto an epithelial surface   false/blood capilaries  
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the secretory product of a gland is produced by its parenchyma, not its stroma   true  
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scar tissue helps to hold an organ together but does not restore normal function of the damaged tissue   true  
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smooth and cardiac muscle are under involuntary control   true  
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The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except A. connective. B. fibrous. C. nervous. D. epithelial. E. muscular.   B  
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17. The _______________ gives rise to the _______________. A. mesoderm; digestive glands B. endoderm; muscular system and skeletal system C. ectoderm; nervous system and epidermis D. endoderm; mesoderm E. mesoderm; endoderm   C  
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18. The clear gel inside a cell is called A. matrix. B. ground substance. C. interstitial fluid. D. cytosol. E. tissue fluid   B  
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19. A thin, stained slice of tissue mounted on a microscope is called a A. fixative. B. histological section. C. spread. D. stain. E. smear.   C  
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21. _______________ lines body cavities, covers the body surface, and forms the lining of many organs. A. Interstitial tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Adipose tissue D. Epithelial tissue E. Nervous tissue   D  
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22. An epithelium with all cells tall and narrow and with every cell touching the basement membrane is called ________________ A. stratified squamous. B. stratified cuboidal. C. simple cuboidal. D. simple columnar. E. pseudostratified columnar.   D  
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23. The basement membrane is found between A. epithelium and connective tissue. B. epithelium and extracellular material.   A  
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24. ______________ epithelium allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs. A. Simple squamous B. Simple cuboidal C. Simple columnar D. Stratified squamous-keratinized   A  
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25. Most kidney tubules are made of this tissue specialized for absorption and secretion. A. simple columnar epithelium B. stratified columnar epithelium C. pseudostratified columnar epithelium D. simple cuboidal epithelium   D  
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26. ________________ epithelium is the most widespread epithelium in the body, whereas _______________ epithelium is rare. A. Simple columnar; stratified columnar B. Stratified squamous; stratified columnar C. Pseudostratified; stratified squamous   B  
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27. _____________ cells in simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia produce protective mucous coatings over the mucous membranes. A. Basement membrane B. Simple C. Basal D. Keratinized E. Goblet   E  
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28. A brush border of microvilli belongs to _______________ epithelium found in the ______________. A. pseudostratified; nasal cavity B. simple cuboidal; esophagus C. simple columnar; small intestine D. stratified squamous; anal canal   C  
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29. All cells in this tissue reach the basement membrane and only cells that reach the free surface have cilia. A. pseudostratified columnar B. simple columnar C. stratified columnar D. stratified cuboidal E. stratified squamous   A  
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30. __________________ epithelium found in the bladder resembles ______________ epithelium, but the apical cells are rounded, not flattened. A. Transitional; stratified squamous B. Stratified squamous; pseudostratified   A  
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31. _______________ epithelium provides a moist and slippery surface and is well suited to resist stress, as in the ________________. A.Keratinized; tongue B.Nonkeratinized; skin C.Keratinized; skin D.Nonkeratinized; vagina   D  
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33. These features are common to all connective tissues except A. most cells are not in direct contact with each other. B. interstitial fluid is so scarce that it is not visible with a light microscope.   B  
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34. __________________ tissue is highly vascular, whereas _______________ is not. A. Epithelial; cartilage B. Muscular; osseous tissue C. Dense regular connective; dense irregular connective tissue D. Areolar; cartilage   B  
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35. These are features that fibrous connective tissues have in common except A. very conspicuous fibers. B. the presence of fibroblasts. C. the presence of collagen. D. a calcified matrix.   D  
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36. The shape of a person's external ear is given by A. dense regular connective tissue. B. dense irregular connective tissue. C. elastic cartilage. D. fibrocartilage. E. ligaments   C  
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37. These are all types of fibrous connective tissues except A. reticular tissue. B. hyaline cartilage. C. dense regular connective tissue. D. dense irregular connective tissue. E. areolar tissue.   B  
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38. New triglycerides are constantly synthesized and stored and others are hydrolyzed and released into circulation mostly from cells in A. blood. B. fibrous connective tissue. C. adipose tissue. D. reticular tissue. E. transitional tissue.   C  
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39. __________________ secrete the cartilage rubbery matrix, whereas ________________ produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of fibrous connective tissue. A. Mast cells; fibroblasts B. Chondroblasts; fibroblasts   B  
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40. Marfan syndrome is a hereditary defect in elastin fibers. People with this syndrome have A. hyperextensible joints. B. a small cranium. C. elastic bones. D. stronger bones. E. viscous blood.   A  
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41. All these substances account for the gelatinous consistency of connective tissue ground substance except A. glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). B. proteoglycans. C. chondroitin sulfate. D. hyaluronic acid. E. collagen.   E  
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42. Collagenous fibers are very abundant in A. blood and hyaline cartilage. B. blood, adipose tissue, and osseous tissue. C. ligaments, bones, and the most superficial portion of the skin. D. tendons, ligament and the deeper portion of the skin.   D  
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44. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) help give the ground substance some of its qualities such as A. helping to transfer charges in the nervous system. B. holding water and maintaining electrolyte balance. C. giving bone its brittle, inorganic structure.   B  
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45. __________________ is found in the heart, and one of its functions is to __________________. A. Dense irregular connective tissue; allow for heart contraction and relaxation B. Blood; transport nutrients to the tissues   B  
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46. __________________ exhibits a lot of apparently empty space, and is found in many serous membranes. A. Blood B. Areolar tissue C. Osseous tissue D. Dense irregular connective tissue E. Adipose tissue   B  
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47. __________________ tissues respond quickly to outside stimuli by means of changes in membrane potential, thus they are called __________________ tissues. A. Muscular and nervous; excitable B. Connective and muscular; responsive   A  
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48. Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and A. fibroblasts. B. chondrocytes. C. neuroglia. D. myocytes. E. osteocytes.   C  
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50. Skeletal muscle is described as A. striated and voluntary. B. striated and involuntary. C. nonstriated and voluntary. D. nonstriated and involuntary. E. fibrous and contracting.   A  
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52. In the intestine, __________________ ensure(s) that most digested nutrients pass through the epithelial cells and not between them. A. plasma membrane B. desmosomes C. tight junctions D. gap (communicating) junctions   C  
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53. ______ secrete ____ into _____ A. Goblet cells; mucus; the blood B. Endocrine glands; hormones; ducts C. Exocrine glands; hormones; ducts D. Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood E. Exocrine glands; mucus; the blood   D  
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54. _____glands secrete mucin, which combines with water and form a thick and sticky product, whereas ____ glands produce a relatively watery fluid. A. Mucous; serous B. Merocrine; holocrine C. Apocrine; mixed D. Endocrine; exocrine   A  
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____glands (such as tear glands) have vesicles that release their secretion by exocytosis, whereas ____glands (such as oil-producing glands) secrete a mixture of disintegrated cells and their products. A. Endocrine; exocrine B. Merocrine; holocrine   B  
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57. The membrane that lines digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts consists of A. simple squamous epithelium and dense irregular connective tissue B. simple squamous epithelium and areolar tissue.   B  
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58. This membrane lines passageways that open to the exterior environment. A. lamina propria B. endothelium C. synovial membrane D. serous membrane (serosa) E. mucous membrane (mucosa)   E  
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59. After six months of lifting weights at the gym you notice that some of your muscles have increased in size. This increase in size is due to _______ of muscle cells. A. hyperplasia B. neoplasia C. hypertrophy   C  
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60. This primary germ layer is the middle layer, called ___, and gives rise to a gelatinous material called ___, which gives rise to different types of connective tissue such as bone, muscle, and blood. A. ectoderm; stem cells B. mesoderm; mesenchyme   B  
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Most biologists see embryonic stem (ES) cells as a possible treatment for diseases that result from the loss of functional cells. This possibility is based on the fact that ES cells are ____ stem cells. A. unipotent B. multipotent C. totipotent   C  
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62. The pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the bronchi in smokers may transform into stratified squamous epithelium. This exemplifies A. neoplasia. B. metaplasia. C. atrophy.   B  
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63. Macrophages __________________ in the healing of a skin wound. A. release histamine to increase blood flow to the area B. produce and secrete collagenous fibers C. phagocytize and digest tissue debris   C  
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65. The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called A. necrosis. B. apoptosis. C. gangrene. D. regeneration. E. fibrosis.   E  
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