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Gross II - Zumpano Fall 2010

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Question
Answer
What are the superficial muscles of the forearm?   Pronator teres; Flexor carpi radialis, Palmaris longus, Flexor carpi ulnaris  
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What is the intermediate muscle of the forearm?   Flexor digitorum superficialis  
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What are the deep muscles of the forearm?   Pronator quadratus; Flexor policis longus, Flexor digitorum profundus  
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What nerves are found in anterior forearm?   Median n. & Anterior interosseous n.  
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What forearm muscles are innervated by the MEDIAN n?   (1)Flexor digitorum superficialis; (2)pronator teres; (3)flexor carpi radialis, (4)palmaris longus  
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What forearm muscles are innervated by the ANTERIOR INTEROSSEOUS n.?   (1) Pronator quadratus; (2) Flexor policis longus; (3) 1/2 of Flexor digitorum profundus (digits 2 & 3)  
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What forearm muscles are innervated by ULNAR n.?   (1) 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus (digits 4 & 5); (2) Flexor carpi ulnaris  
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Deep branch of radial n. is correlated with what motor functions?   Extensors of posterior forearm  
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Median n. supplies what types of muscles?   Wrist flexors & thenar muscles  
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Which nerve does not have a reflex associated with the muscle? How is it tested?   Median n. Wrist flexion  
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Origin of PRONATOR TERES   Humeral head = medial epicondyle; ulnar head = coronoid process  
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Insertion of PRONATOR TERES   Midway along lateral surface of radius  
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Innervation of PRONATOR TERES   Median n.  
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Spinal level of PRONATOR TERES   C7  
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Action of PRONATOR TERES   Secondary pronator (recruited when force or speed is needed); Rotation of radius on ulna, turning palm medially & backward  
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Origin of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS   Medial epicondyle  
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Insertion of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS   Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal  
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Innervation of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS   Median n.  
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Spinal level of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS   C7  
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Actions of FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS   (1) Flexes 2nd carpometacarpal joint and hand at wrist; (2) Radial deviation (abduction) w/ extensor carpi radialis; (3) Steadies hand w/ flexor carpi ulnaris  
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Origin of PALMARIS LONGUS   Medial epicondyle  
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Insertion of PALMARIS LONGUS   Flexor retinaculum of palmar aponeurosis  
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Function of Palmar Aponeurosis   1. Protects nerves & vessels in hand; 2. Anchors skin  
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Innervation of PALMARIS LONGUS   Median n.  
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Spinal level of PALMARIS LONGUS   C8  
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Actions of PALMARIS LONGUS   Tenses palmar aponeurosis & weakly flexes wrist  
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Origin of FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS   Medial epicondyle; medial aspect of olecranon process; posterior border of ulna  
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Insertion of FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS   Pisiform; hamate; base of 5th metacarpal  
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Innervation of FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS   Ulnar n.  
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Spinal levels of FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS   C7, C8  
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Actions of FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS   (1) Flexes 5th carpometacarpal joint; (2) adduction of hand (ulnar deviation) with extensor carpi ulnaris; (3) steadies wrist with flexor carpi radialis.  
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Functions of Flexor Retinaculum   (1) keep tendons in wrist/carpal tunnel (prevents bow stringing) (2) Increases strength of tendons that pass under it.  
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Origin of FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS   Humeroulnar head = medial epicondyle, coronoid process of ulna; Radial head = anterior surface of radius distal to radial tuberosity  
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Insertion of FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS   4 tendons which split to attach at medial & lateral sides of bases of middle phalanges for digits 2-5  
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Innervation of FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS   C8  
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Action of FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS   "power grip muscle" flexes proximal interphalangeal joints and metacarpophalangeal joints  
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Origin of FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS   UPPER 3/4TH OF ANTEROMEDIAL ASPECT OF ULNA & ULNAR HALF OF INTEROSSEOUS MEMBRANE  
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Insertion of FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS   Its 4 tendons pass thru tendons of FDS at bases of middle phalanges to insert at bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5  
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Innervation of FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS   Anterior Interosseous n.  
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Spinal level of FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS   C8  
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Action of FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS   Flexes distal interphalangeal joints (DIPs) after the PIPs are flexed by FDS. (Gentle grip flexor & weak wrist flexor)  
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Origin of FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS   Radial head = anterior surface of radius & interosseous membrane; Humeral head = medial epicondyle & coronoid process of ulna  
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Insertion of FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS   Base of distal phalanx of thumb  
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Innervation of FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS   Anterior Interosseous n.  
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Spinal level of FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS   C8  
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Action of FLEXOR POLLICIS LONGUS   Flexes interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb  
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Origin of PRONATOR QUADRATUS   Distal 1/4th of anterior surface of ULNA  
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Insertion of PRONATOR QUADRATUS   Distal 1/4th of anterior surface of RADIUS  
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Action of PRONATOR QUADRATUS   Principle pronator of forearm  
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What muscle is recruited for forceful/rapid pronation?   Pronator teres  
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What are the entrapment sites of the median n?   (1) medial intermuscular septa; (2) pronator teres; (3) FDS/FDP tunnel; (4) Pronator quadratus (AIN); (5) carpal tunnel; (6) FPB/APB  
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palmar cutaneous n. supplies what area of hand?   heel of hand  
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