MACC Dipstick testing for urines
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| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? pH | double-indicator system
methyl red and bromthymol blue
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| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Protein | This test is based on the protein-error-of-indicators principle. At a constant pH, the development of color is due to the presence of protein.
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| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Glucose | double sequential enzyme reaction. Glucose oxidase
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| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Blood | peroxidase-like activity of hemoglobin
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| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Bilirubin | Diazo Reaction
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| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Ketone | Sodium nitroprusside
Measures Acetoacetate and Acetone
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| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Specific Gravity | pKa changes - only measures particles with ionic charge
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| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Urobilinogen | modified Ehrlich reaction or Azocoupling reaction
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| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Leukocytes | detects Esterases from Granulocytic cells (Neutrophils)
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| What is the Reagent Strip Reaction? Nitrates | Tests for Nitrites in urine due to gram negative bacteria
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| What is the Clinical Significance of pH? | systemic acid-base disorders, infections are alkaline,
help ID crystals
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| What is the Clinical Significance of PROTEIN? | Presence means that additional testing should be performed for renal disease
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| What is the Clinical Significance of GLUCOSE? | Diabetes is the most common
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| What is the Clinical Significance of KETONES? | fat is being metabolized, diabetes, vomiting, starvation, malabsorption
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| What is the Clinical Significance of BLOOD? | HEMATURIA - Bleeding
Myoglobulin
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| What is the Clinical Significance of BILIRUBIN? | Liver dysfunction
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| What is the Clinical Significance of UROBILINOGEN? | Liver disease, hemolytic disorders
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| What is the Clinical Significance of NITRATE? | Presence of bacteria
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| What is the Clinical Significance of LEUKOCYTE ESTERASE? | Increased urinary white blood cells
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| Principle of Test? SPECIFIC GRAVITY REFRACTOMETER | Refractive Index
Light is passed through a prism in comparison to water
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| Clinical Significance? SPECIFIC GRAVITY | testing the kidney's ability to concentrate urine
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| How will X-ray dye affect an Urinalysis? | Will cause the specific gravity to be over 1.035
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| What will cause Interference in testing for PROTEIN? | Positive - buffered alkaline urine
Negative - dilute urine, skin cleaners, blood
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| What is SSA testing used for? | Backup testing for Protein
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| What is MicroAlbuminuria testing for? | Immunochemical test for very small amounts of albumin in urine
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| What causes Interference for GLUCOSE? | positive - strong oxidizing agents such as bleach
negative - Ascorbic Acid (ascorbate), old urine
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| What is the Clinitest used for? | To detect reducing substances (sugars) such as Galactose and glucose
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| What is "pass-through" during a Clinitest | Result is greater than the linearity of the test
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| Why is it hard to perform a dipstick UA on a patient that is taking a large amount of Vitamin C | Vitamin C is ascorbic acid which interferes with many of the tests, esp glucose and urobilinogen
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| Interference? KETONES | positive - colored urines
negative - Improper storage
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| Interference? BLOOD | positive - menstruation
negative -not mixed well, ascorbic acid, formalin, protein
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| Interference? BILIRUBIN | posiitive - color, many chemicals
negative - ascorbic acid, improper storage
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| What is the Ictotest used for? | Backup testing for Dipstick Bilirubin
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| Interference? UROBILINOGEN | positive - urine color, some drugs
negative - improper storage, formalin
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| Interference? NITRATE | Positive - old sample
Negative - bacteria not produce nitrates, Ascorbic acid
storage in bladder short
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| A urine is transparent and has not particulates present. It is ? | Clear
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| A urine has a few particulates, but newsprint can be easily read thru it. It is? | Hazy
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| A urine has many particulates and newsprint can be seen thru it, but cannot be read. It is? | Cloudy
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| A urine has so many particulates that newprint cannot be seen thru it. It is? | Turbid
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| If a urine is pink or red. It can contain? | RBCs, hemoglobin, myoglobin or the metabolites of beets
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| If a urine is deep orange, there is a good chance the patient is taking? | Pyridium (Phenazopyridine)
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| If the urine is Amber or deep yellow with a yellow foam, it can contain? | Bilirubin
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| What urine collection is best for a Urinalysis | Clean Catch Urine
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| A urinalysis cannot be performed for 12 hours. What is the best way to preserve this urine? | Refrigeration
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| What Chemistry test can be used to determine if a sample is urine? | Creatinine
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| What Protein does the dipstick detect? | Albumin
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| What ketones do the dipstick detect? | Acetone and Acetoacetate
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| Why is the detection of Ascorbic Acid so important in urinalysis? | Ascorbic acid causes interferences in multiple tests
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Created by:
mstanley
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