Cardio 7
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| ECG showing various morphologies of QRS complex indicates? | Cardiac tamponade (heart shifting around in sac causes altered QRS)
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| What is the organism that causes myocarditis in S. America? What is the dz called? | Trypanosoma cruzii. Chagas Dz
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| T/F: drug toxicity can cause myocarditis? | True
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| MCC of myocarditis in babies? Definitive Dx is by_____. | Virus. Dx by BIOPSY
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| RHD is caused by ________ infxn. What is actual pathology? | Group A Strept. Antibodies vs this bacteria start attacking heart valves (usually Mitral)
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| What 4 labs are raised in RHD (hint: all are 3-letter acronyms) | WBCs, ESR, C-RP, ASO
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| ECG change in RHD? | increased PR interval
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| What do you give prophylactically for oral surgery in valve damage pt (for RHD prophylaxis)? GI/GU surgery? | oral: amoxicillin. GI/GU: amp+gent before surgery. amoxicillin after surgery
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| What is JONES criteria for (what dz)? What are its components? | For RHD. J<3NES PEACE: Joints, Heart(carditis), Nodules, Erythema Nodosum, Sydenham's chorea. Minor criteria: Previous RHD, ECG (PR increased), Arthralgias, CRP/ESR, Elevated temp. 2maj, 1maj/2min
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| What are the negative-culture endocarditis organsims? | HACEK bacteria. H flu, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella
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| What is endocarditis? | Bacterial infection of inner lining of heart (may or may not involve valves)
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| precipitating factors of bacterial endocarditis? | congenital heart dz, IVDU, prosthetic valves
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| Prosthetic valves are susceptible to endocarditis by which oragnism? | Staph epidermidis
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| T/F you should give oral ABx for endocarditis? | False. Always IV
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| what ABx used for Strept viridans endocarditis? | IV Pen G, or IV ceftriaxone
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| osler nodes, janeway lesions, splinter hemmorrhage, roths spots. define each. what dz? | osler=nodes on fingertips and toes, janeway= petechiae, splinter= hemm in nail bed, roths= hemm in retina. Found in endocarditis
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| What is pre-HTN range? | 120-139/80-89
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| What is Rx of a pt with BP >130/80 who has DM, CAD, or Kidney Dz? | Put them on medications. If no other dz, just make lifestyle mods
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| What is the first test you do if renal artery stenosis is suspected? What is the "gold standard" (not usually done first though)? | do MRA of renal arteries. Renal arteriogram is gold standard, but too invasive
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| Renal artery USG can be accompanied with admin of what drug? | captopril
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| Vascular resistance is high in all types of shock except which 2? | neurogenic and septic (vasodilation)
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| HR is low in which shock? | neurogenic
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| PCWP is high after fluid challenge in what shock type? | neurogenic and septic
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| Rx of cardiogenic shock? | Dobutamine or dopamine
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| Rx of septic shock? | NE
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| When is HTN diagnosed? | 3 consecutive >140s or >90d readings
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| First drug in HTN? | Thiazide diuretic
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| Isolated Systolic HTN is found in what population? Cause? Rx? | in elderly d/t rigid arteries. Rx is HCTZ
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| What is more effective for HTN Rx: alcohol reduction or smoking cessation? | alcohol reduction
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| After how much time should you recheck someone who was normotensive before, but is now >140/90 | 2 months
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| what drug is c/i in bilateral renal stenosis? | ACEi's
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| Hyperkalemia is a s/e (and therefore a c/i) of which anti-HTNive? | ACEi's
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| What is the order of anti-HTN drugs given to asthmatic? | HCTZ first (as usual). NEVER give Non-Selective Bblockers (Propranolol, Timolol)
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| What 2 anti-HTN drugs are c/i in DM? | Thiazides (impair Glc tolerance), Bblocker (mask hypoglycemic Sx)
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| Why are Thiazides not given to pregnant females? | You should avoid anything alters blood volume during pregnancy
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| What anti-HTN drug is AWESOME to give to osteoperotic patients? | Thiazides (raises Ca2+ levels)
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