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Ch. 2 Terms Pertaining to the body as a whole

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Question
Answer
What are the seven parts of a cell?   Cell membrane, Nucleus, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Catabolism, Endoplasmic reticulum.  
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What is Cell Membrane?   Surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell.  
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What is nucleus?   Controls the operations of the cell. It Directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell.  
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What is Chromosomes?   Are rod-like structures within the nucleus.  
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What is cytoplasm?   Includes all the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane.  
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What is mitochondria?   Are small, sausage-shaped bodies that, like miniature power plants, produce energy by burning food in the presence of oxygen.  
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What is endoplasmic reticulum ?   Is a network of canals within the cell.  
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What is Ribosomes?   Are small granules that help the cell make protein.  
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How many chromosomes does egg and sperm cells have?   23 Chromosomes.  
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What is a chromosome?   It contains regions called genes.  
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What is a gene?   It is composed of a chemical called DNA.  
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What is karyotype?   Determines whether the chromosomes are normal in number and structure.  
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What is catabolism?   It is a process where complex foods are broken down into simpler substances.  
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What is anabalism?   It is where small pieces of protein are fitted together like links in a chain to make larger proteins.  
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What is a muscle cell?   Is a long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and releasing.  
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What is epithelial cell?   It is square and flat and provides protection.  
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What is a nerve cell?   Is long and has various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses.  
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What is a fat cell?   Contains large, empty spaces for fat storage.  
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What is epithelial tissue?   Is located all over the body and forms the linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body.  
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What is a histologist?   Is a scientist who specializes in the study of tissue.  
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What is muscle tissue?   Is a voluntary muscle found in the arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control.  
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What is connective tissue?   It is a tissue that attaches itself to bones and blood.  
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What is nerve tissue?   It conducts impulses all over the body.  
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What is viscera?   Is a internal organ that you can find in the liver, stomach, intestines,pancreas, spleen and gallbladder.  
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What is systems?   Are groups of organs working together to perform complex functions.  
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Digestive system   mouth,pharynx(throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines(small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas.  
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Urinary or excretory system   Kidneys,ureters, urinary bladder,urethra.  
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Respiratory System   nose, pharynx,larynx(voice box), trachea(windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs(where the exchange of gases take place).  
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Reproductive System   Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus(womb), vagina, mammary glands. Male: Testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland.  
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Endocrine System   Thyroid gland(in the neck), pituitary gland(at the base of of the brain), sex glands(ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas(islets of langerhans), parathyroid glands.  
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Nervous System   brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves.  
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Circulatory System   heart, blood vessels(arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland.  
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Musculoskeletal System   muscles, bones, and joints.  
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Skin and Sense Organs System   skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous(oil) glands; eye,ear,nose, and tongue.  
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What is adipose tissue?   A collection of fat cells.  
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What is cartilage?   Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.  
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What is larynx?   "Voice Box"; located at the upper part of the trachea.  
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What is pharynx?   "Throat"; serves as the common passageway for both food and air.  
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What is pituitary gland?   Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.  
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What is thyroid gland?   Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.  
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What is trachea?   "Windpipe"(tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes).  
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What is ureter?   One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.  
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What is urethra?   Tubes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.  
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What is uterus?   The womb. The organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.  
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What is abdominal cavity?   Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called abdomen.  
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What is cranial cavity?   Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.  
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What is diaphragm?   Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.  
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What is dorsal(posterior)?   Pertaining to the back.  
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What is mediastinum?   Centrally located space between the lungs.  
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What is pelvic cavity?   space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.  
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What is peritoneum?   Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs.  
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What is pleura?   Double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.  
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What is Pleural cavity?   Space between the plueral membranes and surrounding each lung.  
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What is spinal cavity?   Space within the spinal column(backbones) and containing the spinal cord. Also called the spinal canal.  
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What is thoracic cavity?   Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.  
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What is ventral(anterior)   Pertaining to the front.  
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What is Vertabra   Two or more backbones  
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Vertebral   Pertaining to backbones  
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Viscera   Internal Organs  
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Visceral   Pertaining to internal organs  
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