Ch. 2 Terms Pertaining to the body as a whole
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What are the seven parts of a cell? | Cell membrane, Nucleus, Chromosomes, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Catabolism, Endoplasmic reticulum.
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What is Cell Membrane? | Surrounds and protects the cell but also regulates what passes into and out of the cell.
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What is nucleus? | Controls the operations of the cell. It Directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell.
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What is Chromosomes? | Are rod-like structures within the nucleus.
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What is cytoplasm? | Includes all the material outside the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane.
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What is mitochondria? | Are small, sausage-shaped bodies that, like miniature power plants, produce energy by burning food in the presence of oxygen.
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What is endoplasmic reticulum ? | Is a network of canals within the cell.
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What is Ribosomes? | Are small granules that help the cell make protein.
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How many chromosomes does egg and sperm cells have? | 23 Chromosomes.
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What is a chromosome? | It contains regions called genes.
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What is a gene? | It is composed of a chemical called DNA.
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What is karyotype? | Determines whether the chromosomes are normal in number and structure.
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What is catabolism? | It is a process where complex foods are broken down into simpler substances.
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What is anabalism? | It is where small pieces of protein are fitted together like links in a chain to make larger proteins.
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What is a muscle cell? | Is a long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and releasing.
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What is epithelial cell? | It is square and flat and provides protection.
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What is a nerve cell? | Is long and has various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses.
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What is a fat cell? | Contains large, empty spaces for fat storage.
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What is epithelial tissue? | Is located all over the body and forms the linings of internal organs and the outer surface of the skin covering the body.
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What is a histologist? | Is a scientist who specializes in the study of tissue.
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What is muscle tissue? | Is a voluntary muscle found in the arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control.
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What is connective tissue? | It is a tissue that attaches itself to bones and blood.
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What is nerve tissue? | It conducts impulses all over the body.
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What is viscera? | Is a internal organ that you can find in the liver, stomach, intestines,pancreas, spleen and gallbladder.
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What is systems? | Are groups of organs working together to perform complex functions.
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Digestive system | mouth,pharynx(throat), esophagus, stomach, intestines(small and large), liver, gallbladder, pancreas.
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Urinary or excretory system | Kidneys,ureters, urinary bladder,urethra.
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Respiratory System | nose, pharynx,larynx(voice box), trachea(windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs(where the exchange of gases take place).
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Reproductive System | Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus(womb), vagina, mammary glands.
Male: Testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland.
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Endocrine System | Thyroid gland(in the neck), pituitary gland(at the base of of the brain), sex glands(ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas(islets of langerhans), parathyroid glands.
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Nervous System | brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves.
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Circulatory System | heart, blood vessels(arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland.
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Musculoskeletal System | muscles, bones, and joints.
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Skin and Sense Organs System | skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous(oil) glands; eye,ear,nose, and tongue.
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What is adipose tissue? | A collection of fat cells.
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What is cartilage? | Flexible connective tissue attached to bones at joints.
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What is larynx? | "Voice Box"; located at the upper part of the trachea.
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What is pharynx? | "Throat"; serves as the common passageway for both food and air.
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What is pituitary gland? | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.
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What is thyroid gland? | Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck.
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What is trachea? | "Windpipe"(tube leading from the throat to the bronchial tubes).
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What is ureter? | One of two tubes, each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder.
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What is urethra? | Tubes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
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What is uterus? | The womb. The organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops.
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What is abdominal cavity? | Space below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; also called abdomen.
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What is cranial cavity? | Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull.
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What is diaphragm? | Muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
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What is dorsal(posterior)? | Pertaining to the back.
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What is mediastinum? | Centrally located space between the lungs.
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What is pelvic cavity? | space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
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What is peritoneum? | Double-layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs.
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What is pleura? | Double-layered membrane surrounding each lung.
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What is Pleural cavity? | Space between the plueral membranes and surrounding each lung.
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What is spinal cavity? | Space within the spinal column(backbones) and containing the spinal cord. Also called the spinal canal.
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What is thoracic cavity? | Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs.
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What is ventral(anterior) | Pertaining to the front.
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What is Vertabra | Two or more backbones
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Vertebral | Pertaining to backbones
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Viscera | Internal Organs
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Visceral | Pertaining to internal organs
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