Atoms and Molecules
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| Consists of one type of atom. | element
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| The smallest particle into which an element can be divided. | atom
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| Atomic number | the number of protons an atom has
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| Atomic mass | the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
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| Orbital | an area of space in which an electron will be found 90% of the time
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| What shape is the s orbital? | spherical
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| What shape is the px, py, pz ortibal and where are they located? | dumbell, located along the x, y, z axes
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| The furthermost right column in the Periodic Table | inert or noble gases
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| The number of electrons gained or lost ultimately determines what? | the number and types of chemical bonds an element can form.
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| Electronegativity | the ability of an atom to gain an electron.
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| Ionic bond | form from oppositely charged ion. Na+ Cl-
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| Covalent bond | form when differences of electronegativities of atoms are equal or similar.
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| Hydrogen bond | weak electrical attraction between the partially positive end and the partially negative end of another.
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| Molecules | compounds in which elements are definite, fixed ratios.
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| Combination reactions | when two separate reactants are bonded together. A + B --> AB
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| Dissociation reactions | when a compound is broken into two products. AB --> A + B
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| Polar covalent bond | when one atom in a covalent bond is more electronegative than the other.
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| Van der Waals interactions | weak interactions between regions of nonpolar molecules, resulting in charge fluctuations within molecules.
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| What is the process of photosynthesis? | 6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 + 6H2O
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| Chemical equilibrium | the rate of formation of products is the same as the rate of breakdown of products.
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