chapter 5
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| Sweat, oil (sebaceous), mucous, digestive glands are Endocrine or Exocrine ? | Exocrine
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| DuctLESS gland | Endocrine
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| Gland that have ducts | Exocrine
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| Gland that is slow, indirect, and LONG lasting | Endocrine
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| Alter metabolic activities, regulate growth and development, and guide reproduction | Endocrine
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| All hormones act by binding to proteins called | receptors
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| 3 types of hormones | peptide; steroid; tyrosine
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| Hormone that often has carbohydrate portions | Peptide
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| Hormone that is MADE in the rough ER, cleaved in the ER lumen, and transported to the GOLGI to be modified | Peptide
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| ______ are soluble in blood, but have a hard time passing through the cell membrane | PEptide
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| ____ use secondary messengers to go through a membrane | PEptide
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| _____ are lipids, so they diffuse through the membrane by receptors and act in the nucleus. require transport protein | Steroid hormones
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| _____ can diffuse into the nucleus or use secondary messengers | Tyrosine hormones
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| 4 Types of peptide hormones: | Anterior and Posterior pituitary hormones, parathyroid hormones, pancreatic hormones
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| 3 Types of Steroid hormones: | Adrenal cortex, Gonads, Placenta
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| 2 Types of Tyrosine hormones: | Catecholimines ( adrenal medulla hormones) , Thyroid
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| High insulin caused by? | high BL glucose
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| High BL glucagon caused by? | low BL glucose
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| For negative feedback questions.... | look at answer choice that is responding to the question, NOT causing it. I.e. A person with High BP ( holding water) , will have = Low amounts of ADH
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| ALL endrocrine hormones | bind to a protein receptor
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| Which organ is both exocrine and endocrine? | Pancreas
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| mineral corticoids control | electrolyte balance in BL stream
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| Glucocorticoids control | increase blood glucose concentration; increase fat and protein metabolism
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| Aldosterone= | mineral glucocorticoid
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| Cortisol= | glucocorticoid
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| Catecholamines= | epinephrine/ norepinephrine (stress hormones)
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| What does Insulin do to carbs? | convert them to glycogen and store them in the liver and muscles
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| What does insulin do to fats? | store them as addipose tissues
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| what does insulin do to AA? | taken up by cells and converted into proteins
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| Osteoblast= | build bone
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| Osteoclast= | break bone, release Ca+
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| PTH does what | Increase osteoclast acitivty, Increase BL Ca2+ and Phosphate from bone, Increase steroid production in the renal artery
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| Calcitonin does what | Decreas BL Ca2+ by DECREASING osteoclast activity; INCREASE BONE MASS
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| male gonads | testes
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| sperm production | seminiferous tubules
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| ____surround and nurture the spermatocyte and spermatid | sertolli cells
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| sertolli cells are stimulated by | FSH
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| _____ release testosterone when stimulated by LH | leydig cells
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| Primary sex hormone | androgen
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| Sertolli cells secrete | inhibin --> stops FSH secretion
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| Sperm head contains | nucleus & acrosome
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| Sperm midpiece contains | mitochondria
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| sperm mature in the | epididmys
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| Semen (fluid + sperm ) fluid is made up of | secretions from the bulbourethral gland, seminal vessicles, & prostate
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| oogenesis begins in the | ovaries
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| granullosa cells secrete to make | zona pelluda
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| follicular phase | begins with the development of the follicle and ends with ovulation
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| Luteal phase | begins with ovulation and ends with the corpus collosum becoming the corpus albicans
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| flow phase | shedding of uterine lining for 5 days
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| Cleavage begins when the egg is in the | fallopian tubes
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| sperm+oocyte= | ovum
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| hollow ball filled with fluid | blastocyst
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| solid ball of cells | morula
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| ____ is made from blastocyst lodged into the uterus( implantation) | embryonic stem cells
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| upon implantation, the egg secretes | HCG
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| ______ in blood in urine= ur pregnant | HCG
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| ______ is made from tissues of egg and mother | placenta
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| When a cell becomes commited to a specialized developmental path | determination
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| specialization that forms special tissues | differentiation
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| Ectoderm | hair, skin, nails, nervous system, teeth and sense organs
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| Mesoderm | muscle, skeleton, bones, kidney
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| Endoderm | lining of the digestive tract, and liver and pancreas
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| gastrula ---> neurala (neuralation) makes | notocord (which later becomes the spinal cord, brain, and much of the nervous system)
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| notochord is made from | mesoderm
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| programmed cell death | apoptosis
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| Anterior Pituitary | regulated by hypothalamus
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| stress, stimulates adrenal cortex | ACTH
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| Growth of follicules in females; sperm production in males | FSH
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| causes ovulation; stimulates estrogen and testosterone secretion | LH
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| Stimulates release of T3 and T4 in the thyroid | TSH
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| Milk production | prolactin
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| milk ejection and uterine contractions | oxytocin
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| water absorption in the kidneys; increase BP | ADH
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| Reduces Na+ excretion; increases K+ excretion; raises BP | Aldosterone
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| Increase BL levels of carbs, proteins, fats | cortisol
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| Stimulates sympathetic action | NE, Epinephrine
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| T3, T4 | increase BMR
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| Lowers BL calcium | calcitonin
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| Raises BL calcium | PH
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| Promotes entry of glucose into cells, decreasing glucose BL levels | insulin
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| Increase of gluconeogenesis, increase glucose BL levels | glucagon
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| Growth of mother sex organs; causes LH surge | Estrogen
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| Prepares and maintains uterus for pregnancy | progesterone
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| secondary sex characteristics; closing of epiphyseal plates | testosterone
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| stimulates corpus luteum to grow and release estrogen and progesterone | HCG
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| Posterior pituitary hormones are made by | hypothalamus
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| Adrenal cortex | Alderosterone and Cortisol
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| Thyroid | T3, T4, calcitonin
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| parathyroid | ph
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| pancreas | insulin (beta) & glucagon (alpha)
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| ovaries | estrogen and progesterone
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| placenta | HCG, estrogen and progesterone
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| testes | testosterone
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| during menstral cycle, increasing levels of estrogen cause | positive feedback response , stimulating a LH surge
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| Testosterone and many other steroid hormones are produced by | Testosterone
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| cell divisions occurs in one portion of egg via | holobastic cleaveage
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| Digestion begins in the mouth with carbs(starch) via ____ | alpha amylase
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| long straight chains of starch is broken in mouth into | polysacharides
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