2009 - 2010 Semester 2 World History Vocabulary
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| Pacifism | opposition to all war
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| Militarism | the glorification of the military
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| Entente | a nonbinding agreement to follow common policies
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| Ultimatum | final set of demands
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| Mobilize | prepare its military forces for war
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| Neutrality | a policy of supporting neither side in a war
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| Stalemate | a deadlock in which neither side is able to defeat the other
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| No man's land | the area that lies between the opposing trench and usually was covered with coils of barbed wire and when someone try to get through it, they are usually stuck between the barbed wires or shot down by enemy fire
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| Zeppelins | large gas-filled balloons
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| U-boats | German submarines that fires torpedoes at enemy ships
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| Convoys | groups of merchant ships protected by warships
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| Total war | the channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort
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| Conscription | "the draft" which required all young men to be ready for military or other service
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| Propaganda | the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or to damage an opposing cause
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| Atrocities | horrible acts against innocent people
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| Self-determination | the right of people to choose their own form of government
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| Armistice | agreement to end fighting
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| Pandemic | the spread of a disease across an entire country, continent, or the whole world
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| Reparations | payments for war damage
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| Collective security | a system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all
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| Mandates | territories administered by western powers
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| Proletariat | the growing class of factory and railroad workers, miners, and urban wage earners
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| Soviets | councils of workers and soldiers
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| Commissars | Communist party officials assigned to the army to teach party principles and ensure party loyalty
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| Command economy | government officials made all basic economic decisions
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| Collectives | large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group
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| Kulaks | wealthy peasants
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| Totalitarian State | a system of government in which a one-party dictatorship attempts to regulate every aspect of the lives of its citizens
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| Atheism | the belief that there is no god
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| Socialist Realism | a style for the artists and writers in which the goal was to boost socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light. Could criticize the bourgeois past or even, to a limited degree, point out mistakes under communism. Promote hope in the future
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| Disarmament | the reduction of armed forces and weapons
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| Overproduction | a condition in which production of goods exceeds the demand for them
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| Margin buying | paying part of the cost and borrowing the rest from brokers
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| General strike | strike by workers in many different industries at the same time
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| Psychoanalysis | a method of studying how the mind works and treating metal disorders
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| Abstract | art composed of lines, colors, and shapes with no recognizable subject matter at all
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| Surrealism | a movement that attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious mind
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| Stream of consciousness | a technique in which the writer appears to probe a character's random thoughts and feelings without imposing any logic or order
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| Flapper | a rebellious young woman in the U.S. and Europe in the 1920s
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| Chancellor | prime minister
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| Repudiate | reject
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| Concentration camps | detention centers for civilians considered enemies of the state
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| Sanction | penalty
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| Appeasement | giving in to the demands of an aggressor to keep the peace
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| Pacifism | opposition to all war
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| Anschluss | union of Austria and Germany
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| Blitzkrieg | "lightning war"
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| Radar | device used to detect the flight of airplanes
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| Sonar | device used to detect the path of submarines
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| Genocide | deliberate murder
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| Collaborator | person who cooperates with enemy
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| Reparation | payment for damages caused by the imprisonment
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| Island-hopping | method used by Allied forces to recapture some Japanese-held islands in the Pacific while bypassing others
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| Kamikaze | Japanese pilot who undertook suicide missions
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| Containment | Cold War policy of limiting communism to areas already under Soviet control
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| Satellite | dependent states
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| Modernization | building stable government and developing their countries economically
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| Superpowers | nations strong enough to influence the acts and policies of other nations
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| Ideology | system of thought or belief
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| Nonaligned | not allied to either side during the Cold War
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| Interdependence | the dependence of countries on goods, resources, and knowledge from other parts of the world
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| Summit | conferences of leaders and experts from around the world; discussed issues such as environment, women, and population
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| Terrorism | deliberate use of violence, especially against civilians, to achieve political goals
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