Ecology Vocabulary List
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abiotic factor | a nonliving part of an ecosystem
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biome | a group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms
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biotic factor | a living part of an ecosystem
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carnivore | an animal that eats only other animals
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commensalism | a relationship between two species in which one species benefits and the other is nether helped nor harmed
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community | all different organisms that live together in an area
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competition | the struggle between organisms for the limited resources in a habitat
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consumer | an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms
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decomposer | an organism that breaks down large molecules from dead organisms into smaller molecules and returns important materials to the environment
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ecosystem | all living and nonliving things that interact in an area
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energy pyramid | a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from feeding level to another in a food web
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equilibrium | a state in which opposing forces in a system are equally balanced or stable
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food chain | a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy
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food web | the pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem
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habitat | the place where an organism lives and that provides the things the organism needs
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herbivore | an animal that eats only plants
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host | an organism that provides a source of energy or a suitable environment for a virus or for another organism to live
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mutualism | a type of symbiosis in which both partners benefit from living together
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niche | an organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its living
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omnivore | an animal that eats both plants and animals
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parasite | an organism that lives on or in a host and causes harm to the host
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parasitism | a relationship in which one organism lives on or in another and harms it
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pioneer species | the first species to populate an area
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predation | an interaction in which one organism hunts and kills another animal for food
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predator | a carnivore that hunts and kills other animals for food and has adaptations that help it capture the animals it preys upon
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prey | an animal that a predator feeds on
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primary succession | the changes that occur in an area where no ecosystem had existed
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producer | an organism that can make its own food
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scavenger | a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms
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secondary succession | the changes that occur after a disturbance in an ecosystem
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species | a group of similar organisms whose members can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring
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succession | the series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time
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symbiosis | a close relationship between two organisms in which at least one of the organisms benefits
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