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Ecology Vocabulary List

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Vocabulary
Definition
abiotic factor   a nonliving part of an ecosystem  
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biome   a group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms  
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biotic factor   a living part of an ecosystem  
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carnivore   an animal that eats only other animals  
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commensalism   a relationship between two species in which one species benefits and the other is nether helped nor harmed  
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community   all different organisms that live together in an area  
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competition   the struggle between organisms for the limited resources in a habitat  
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consumer   an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms  
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decomposer   an organism that breaks down large molecules from dead organisms into smaller molecules and returns important materials to the environment  
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ecosystem   all living and nonliving things that interact in an area  
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energy pyramid   a diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from feeding level to another in a food web  
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equilibrium   a state in which opposing forces in a system are equally balanced or stable  
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food chain   a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy  
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food web   the pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem  
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habitat   the place where an organism lives and that provides the things the organism needs  
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herbivore   an animal that eats only plants  
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host   an organism that provides a source of energy or a suitable environment for a virus or for another organism to live  
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mutualism   a type of symbiosis in which both partners benefit from living together  
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niche   an organism's particular role in an ecosystem, or how it makes its living  
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omnivore   an animal that eats both plants and animals  
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parasite   an organism that lives on or in a host and causes harm to the host  
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parasitism   a relationship in which one organism lives on or in another and harms it  
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pioneer species   the first species to populate an area  
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predation   an interaction in which one organism hunts and kills another animal for food  
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predator   a carnivore that hunts and kills other animals for food and has adaptations that help it capture the animals it preys upon  
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prey   an animal that a predator feeds on  
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primary succession   the changes that occur in an area where no ecosystem had existed  
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producer   an organism that can make its own food  
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scavenger   a carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms  
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secondary succession   the changes that occur after a disturbance in an ecosystem  
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species   a group of similar organisms whose members can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring  
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succession   the series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time  
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symbiosis   a close relationship between two organisms in which at least one of the organisms benefits  
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