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*WAHS TAKS Science: People & Organisms

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
Circulatory   heart and network that carries blood for oxygen and nutrients  
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Digestive   stomach and organs that digest and transport nutrients  
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Nervous   brain, spine, and nerves for central control of body  
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Endocrine   glands, for metabolism, growth, and internal balance  
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Reproductive   organs/glands for producing new life  
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Integumentary   skin and hair for protection and temperature control  
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Skeletal   bones, the framework of the body  
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Respiratory   lungs and organs that supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide  
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Muscular   muscles, for body and organ motion  
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Excretory   organs that remove waste products from the body  
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Immune   aka lymphatic system, protects body from infection  
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Anatomy   the science of the structure of living organisms  
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Physiology   the science of the functions within living organisms  
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Embryology   the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms  
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Phylogeny   the study of the evolutionary history of a species  
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Taxonomy   the classification of organism into groups  
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Taxonomic Ranks   Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.  
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Autotrophic   an organism capable of synthesizing its own food from inorganic substances, using light or chemical energy  
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Heterotrophic   an organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent on complex organic substances for nutrition  
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Omnivores   eat both plants and animal flesh  
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Herbivores   plant eaters  
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Carnivores   flesh eaters  
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Xylem (for water) & phloem (for food)   the plant plumbing system  
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Spores   seeds, provide protective shell for gametes  
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Gametes   sex cells (egg/sperm, embryo/zygote)  
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Roots   absorb water and minerals, anchor the plant  
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Stems   support framework for leaves and branches, transport nutrients and water throughout the plant  
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Cones & fruit   carry seeds  
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Glucose/Dextrose   blood sugar, from plant sap and fruit  
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Sucrose   common table sugar, from juice, fruit, and roots  
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Fructose   found in honey, fruit, and green plants like corn  
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Lactose   found in milk  
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Galactose   milk and yogurt  
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Maltose   starch, found in beer and malt  
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Nutrients   a substance that provides nourishment for growth or metabolism  
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Nutrient sources   plants absorb nutrients from the soil (minerals/inorganics), and animals obtain nutrients from ingested foods  
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Metabolism   chemical reactions that occur in living organisms in order to maintain life; provide energy for sustaining life and growth  
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Anabolism   the breakdown of substances for the storage of energy  
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Catabolism   the metabolic process that breaks down substances for the release of energy  
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Trophic Levels   the feeding levels of living organisms (Producers/Consumers/Decomposers)  
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Trophic Energy Transfers   only 10% of energy transfers through each food chain level, the rest is lost as heat  
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Food Chains   the line of energy through links in a food chain, or trophic levels  
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Food Webs   the interconnected feeding relationships between organisms  
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Food Pyramids   the food energy available at each trophic level  
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Ecosystem   interactive cyclical environment  
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Abiotic   non-living parts of an ecosystem– temperature, soil, weather  
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Biotic   living organisms in an ecosystem  
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Ecosystem Interaction Cycles   Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus  
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Biomass   a measure of the total dry mass of the organisms in an ecosystem  
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Predation   those organisms who consume (prey on) others, killing them before eating  
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Parasitism   those organism who consume others while the ‘host’ is still alive  
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Commensalism   symbiotic relationship between two organisms of different species in which one derives some benefit while the other is unaffected  
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Mutualism   association between organisms of two different species in which each member benefits  
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Migration   movement of organisms, usually for survival purposes  
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Extinction   the elimination of a specific group of organisms  
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Speciation   evolutionary formation of new biological species, usually by the division of a single species into two or more genetically distinct ones  
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Diversity   genetic changes to an organism for the purpose of adaptation or survival  
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Adaptation   anatomy, physiology or behavior changes that help organisms survive  
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Behavior   anything an animal does in response to a stimulus in the environment  
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Fossils   remains of once-living things preserved in earth’s rocks (usually sedimentary)  
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