NYCC Tech III written exam
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| what is the foundation of NYCC's technique assessment? | P.A.R.T.S.
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| which is true when performing an active ROM assessment? | check for: QUALITY - QUANTITY - SYMMETRY - PAIN PROVOCATION (QQSP
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| What assessment is useless when looking from a P-A view? | forward head carriage
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| Static concept of chiropractic principle is described by DD Palmer as bone out of place? | true (DD static bone out of place)
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| NYCC model of chiropractic principle is | DYNAMIC
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| What are the 2 components to chiropractic application? | Analysis + Treatment
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| Joint play is done in what position? | seated
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| the ENDPOINT of passive motion is | end feel
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| Accessory Joint movements are | INVOLUNTARY accessory to the crime, earrings you forgot to take off, a good looking man or woman on your arm...these are accessories that are practically involuntary
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| Accessory joint movement in NEUTRAL positon is evaluated by | Joint PLAY (you play with your accessories, don't you? He would get bored if you didn't pay attention once in awhile - you should, however, remain Neutral).
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| Joint cavitation | false - definitive indicator?
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| ConCAVE on Convex: | Roll and Glide in the SAME direction (more joint travel)
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| ConVEX on concave: | Roll and Glide in OPPOSITE direction (less joint travel) VEX/OPPOSITE/LESS
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| VEX/OPPOSITE/LESS means | conVEX on concave: roll and glide in OPPOSITE directions so LESS joint travel
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| what is kinematics | the study of joints WITHOUT CONSIDERING FORCES (ie, joint angles, joint diplacement, joint velocities, joint accelerations)
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| Arthrokinematic refers to | a motion that occurs between joint surfaces, ie, glide or spin
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| 5th MCP/laminar push adjusment is best for | flexion/restriction
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| performing seated endfeel palpation for RIGHT rotation in T8/T9 motion, you apply the vector to? | Right side of T8 spinous process
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| What are the 3 categories of motion classifications? | MOTION(orthogonal), Static, Gonstead
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| flexion restriction ("O" will be used instead of theta, since no way to represent theta on studystack) | +OX restriction (orthogonal), extension misalignment (static)
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| extension restriction | -OX restriction (motion/orthogonal), flexion misalignment (static)
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| right lateral flexion restriction | +OZ restriction (motion/orthogonal), left lateral flexion misalignment (static)
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| Left lateral flexion restriction | -OZ right lateral flexion misalignment (motion/orthogonal), right lateral flexion misalignment (static)
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| right rotation restriction | -OY restriction (motion/orthogonal), left rotation misalignment (static)
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| left rotation restriction | +OY restriction (motion/orthogonal), right rotation misalignment (static)
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| Gonstead for Right rotation restriction/-OY restriction/left rotation misalignment? | PR
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| Gonstead for Left rotation restriction/+OY restriction/right rotation misalignment | PL
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| P-A Glide restriction | +Z translation restriction/retrolisthesis
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| A-P glide restriction | -Z translation restriction/anterolisthesis
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| Right to Left Glide restriction | +X translation restriction/Right laterolisthesis
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| I-S glide restriction/distraction | +Y translation restriction/decreased disc space
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| S-I glide restriction/compression | -Y translation restriction/ compression of disc space
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| monopausal theory | one cause, one cure
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| static model | bone out of place (DD Palmer)
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| 2 parts of chiropractic technique | analysis (evaluation) + adjustment (treatment)
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| motion segment | a functional unit made up of two adjacent articulating surfaces and the connecting tissues binding them to each other
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| spinal motion segment | two adjacent vertebrae, and the connecting tissues binding them to each other
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| subluxation | a motion segment in which alignment, movement integrity, and physiological function are altered, although contact between joint surfaces remains intact
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| manipulable subluxation | a subluxation in which altered alignment, movement and function can be improved by MANUAL THRUST PROCEDURES
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| subluxation complex | a theoretical model of motion segment dysfunction (subluxation) which incorporates the complex interaction of pathological changes in nerve, muscle, ligamentous, vasculature and connective tissue
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| the lesion treated by chiropractors | subluxation
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| 4 treatment procedures utilized by chiros | Mt.MMA:-manual therapy--mobilization-manipulation--adjustment-
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| on the motion spectrum, two bones fused can be referred to as | total restriction
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| difference between increasing motion and decreasing motion | increasing: hypermobility decreasing: restrictions needing adjustment
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| when evaluating the patient, 5 things: | 1-history, 2-observation, 3-physical exam, 4-neuro evaluation, 5-chiropractic evaluation
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| 3 questions about pain history: | Location, Quality, Intensity on a scale
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| active vs. passive vs. resisted ROM's | active-patient performs motion, passive-doc induces motion, resisted-pt performs but doc adds resistance
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| the amt and direction of joint or region movement can be called | Osteokinematic motion (amount and direction)
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| assessing what with active ROM: | quantity, quality, symmetry, pain provocation
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| cervical active ROM (AROM's) are: | Flexion 60, Extension 70, Lateral Flexion 45, Rotation 90
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| 60.70.45.90 | 60 flexion.70 extension.45 lateral flexion.90 rotation
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| a subluxation can also be called a | joint dysfunction
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| goal of chiropractic evaluation | determine the chief complaint and if any joint dysfunction/subluxuation needs treatment
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| evaluation chiro ideas | open mind, scan first
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| components for physical scanning evaluation for joint dys/subluxation are: | posture and gait, ROM, motion scan, pain scan
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| posture and gait is evaluated by | activities of the musculoskeletal system
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| difference between pain and tenderness | pain: present even when not touching patient
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| is pain specific to one joint? | no
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| what's used to isolate, id and define the specific joint dysfunction and specific tissues involved? | PARTS
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| PARTS stands for | Pain, Asymmetry, Range of motion, Tone & texture, Special tests
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| motion palpation is a skill depends not only on psychomotor training but also understanding functions of | anatomy, biomechanics, path mechanics of spine, pelvis and extremities
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| authors of text we use | Bergmann and Peterson
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| Accessory joint movements are _________, and they represent the _______necessary for normal function | involuntary joint play, give
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| an adjustment occurs in | Paraphysiological space
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| annular fiber disruption with nuclear migration into the tear is known as what type of block | intradiscal block
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| joint manipulation is done to increase | hypo-mobility (low mobility)
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| joint manipulation is done in what direction | direction of primary joint restriction
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| a restriction is a component of subluxation, not the subluxation itself? | true
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| not every restriction needs adjusting? | true
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| a restriction may or may not cause a malpostion? | true
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| static model of subluxation based on what concept | bone out of place
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| dynamic model of subluxation based on | mobility of a MOTION SEGMENT
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| flexion restriction is also known as | extension malpostion
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| what coordinate system do we use | Cartesian
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| characteristics of cartesian system | 3D system/3 axes (XYZ) all at 90 degrees to one another/describes a point in space describes rotation and translation movements of an object
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| moving forward and backward (glide) alone in the X-axis | translation
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| rotating alone on an axis | rotation
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| flexion restriction (remember we are using "O" for theta symbol - it is not used when marking translation movements) | +OX restriction or extension misalignment
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| left lateral flexion restriction | -OZ restriction or right lateral flexion misalignment
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| right rotation misalignment | left rotation restriction, +OY restriction, PL
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| right lateral listhesis | +X translation restriction, R-L glide restriction
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| extension misalignment | flexion restriction, +OX restriction
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| A-P glide restriction | -Z translation restriction, anterolisthesis (stuck anteriorly) "A" for anteriorlisthesis, A to P, and stuck anteriorly
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| where does cavitation occur? | paraphysiological space
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| right lateral flexion restriction | +OZ restriction, left lateral flexion misalignment
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| which term refers to the study of movement without consideration of forces? | KINEMatics
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| which term describes the type of motion between joint surfaces | arthrokinematic motion
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| what happens when you have pure glide | impingement
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| pure roll? | dislocation (ie, glenohumeral)
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| kinetics is the study of | static and dynamic forces
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| a mechanical disturbance or load is known as | force
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| Force= | magnitude and direction
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| force may ______an object | deform or change its state of motion
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| 6 common forces on the body are: | TEnsile(stretching), compression, bending, shear, torsion (twist), combined loading
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| stress is | amt of load per crossectional area (y axis) from above
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| strain is | change of shape (x axis) from sides
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| stress is measured as | N/m2, or megapixels
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| with little deformation before it fails, this type of material can be peiced back together to its original form | brittle
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| this type of material cannot be glued back together once it breaks, but it has a lot of deformation capacity before then | ductile (think duct tape)
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| most common lever in body | 3rd class
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| joints are named by | function
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| 3 types of joints | synarthroses (no movement), amphiarthroses (some movement), diarthroses (moveable -TRUE SYNOVIAL JOINT)
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| which type of joint is a true synovial joint | diarthroses
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| 4 types of non-moveable synarthroses | sutures/cranial, synchondrosis/epiphysis, schindylesis/bone in cleft, gomphosis/tooth
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| 2 types of amphiarthroses | symphysis/pubis & vertebral bodies, syndesmoses/bones attached by fibrous tissue (tibio-fibular joint)
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| 2 bones that end with cartilage, are connected by ligaments, and lined with synovial membrane are | diarthrosis
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| 4 types of diarthrotic joints | 1-uniaxial/ginglymus/hinge joint (ulnohumeral and trochoid/pivot (atlantoaxial), 2-Biaxial/ellipsoid/oval head in socket (MCPS) and sellar/saddle (thumb), 3-Multiaxial/spheroidal/ball and socket (hip), 4-PLANAR JOINTs=glide along axis=spinal facet/zygopop
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| what is the only type of diarthrotic joint for this class | zygapophyseal/Planar/facet of spine
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| types of bone | cortical and traebecular
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| bone can ______ itself with bone! | repair
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| what is most brittle: glass, bone, metal | glass
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| adult cortical bone can withstand _______ compression and ______ tension. | 190Mpa compression, 130Mpa tension
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| adult orbicular bone can withstand how much compression | 50Mpa (traebecular is spongy)
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| 3 types of cartilage | elastic, fibrocartilage, hyaline
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| elastic cartilage found in | external ear, epiglottis, larynx (EELs are elastic)
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| where is fibrocartilage found | edges of joint spaces like Menisci and annulus fibrosis of ivd
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| hyaline cartilage is found | in diarthrodal (synovial) joints
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| ligaments and joint capsule connect what | bone to bone
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| tendons attach | muscle to bone
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| what is most abundant tissue in body | skeletal muscle
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| concentric contraction | muscle shortened, contracts
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| eccentric contraction | muscle lengthened but contracts anyway
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| ISOmetric | muscle stays same length (iso=same)
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| kinetic muscle contraction | movement of joint in constant motion
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| 4 factors contributing to muscle force | cross sectional area, heat, fatigue, fiber type
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| how many fiber types | I,IIA,IIB
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| type one I | slow twitch, slow fatigue, red (dark meat) chewy
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| type two IIA | fast twitch, intermediate fatigue, red muscle (less chewy)
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| type three IIB | I'll have the IIB, please! white meat, fast twitch, tires easily
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| what allows limited motion and actually restricts excessive motion? | IVDs
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| hysteresis reversible? | no
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| creep defined where | in ELASTIC curve, reversible!
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| cavitation effects | increased ROM, joint space, 20 mn refractory period
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| cavitation represents 3 physical events: | joint separation, stretching issues, stimulating joint receptors
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| what type of joints behave as though in refractory period? | hypermobile
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