Block 6 ETOH - the fourth food group
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What is the fourth food group? | Ethanol
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What is the first enzyme to act on EtOH? | Alcohol dehydrogenase breaks it into acetaldehyde
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What enzyme works on acetaldehyde? | acetaldehyde broken to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase
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Where is ethanol metabolized? | the liver
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What builds up with excessive EtOH metabolism? Problem? | NADH - which shifts the biosynthetic pathways toward lactate/lactic acid production and away from pyruvate/glucose production
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What is the real toxin in ETOH metabolism? | cheap wine...or acetaldehyde
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What is the second route of ethanol oxidation? | microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)
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What is the principle enzyme used in MEOS? What does it use as an electron donor and acceptor? | cytochrome P450 uses NADPH as electron donor and O2 as acceptor
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How many kilocalories per gram are in ethanol | 7 Kcal/gram
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What are the toxic effects of alcohol metabolism? | 1. acute effects of NADH/NAD+ shift biosynthetic pathways
2. wake up next to a fat girl
3. toxic effects of acetaldehyde on liver
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What is the fast step in EtOH metabolism? | EtOH + NAD+ catalyzed by alchol dehydrogenase (ADH) creates acetaldehyde and NADH
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What is the Slow or second step? What will inhibit this step? | Acetaldehyde + NAD+ catalyzed by aldehyde dehydrogenase to acetate + NADH
inhibited by Disulfiram
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Three conditions caused by acute alcoholism? | hypoglycemia, lactate acidosis, hyperurcemia
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If a fasting person drinks heavily, what possible biosynthetic pathways are altered? | limited gluconeogenesis causes hypoglycemia
lacticacidemia from excess NADH left shifting pathway
lactate inhibits excretion of uric acid = hyperuricemia
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What are two necessary precursors for gluconeogenesis? | alanine and glycerol
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What makes acetaldehyde so dangerous to the internal environment? | It binds to macromolecules containing NH2, thiols etc.. to form adducts. Adducts destroy the original activity of the macromolecule
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Why is protein synthesis and secretion damaged by chronic alcoholism? | adduct formation with tubulin(microtubules) and amino acids impairs it.
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Why is adduct formation with glutathione so damaging? | Glutathione scavenges free radicals. When mitochondria are damaged, the ROS become worse
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What makes alcoholics pack on the pounds? | damaged mitochondria uncouple oxidative phosphorylation - Fatty acid oxidation decreases, only fatty acid synthesis occurs
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What is seen with alcohol damage to the brain? | Ataxia
cognitive damage
nystagmus
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What is seen in the liver? | accumulationof collagen-type layers, disappearance of elastic fibers, parenchymal damage
Release of AST/ALT
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What vitamin is most affected by alcohol? Why? | Thiamine (B1) absorption in the GI tract is inhibited
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Excess acetate from acetaldehyde is converted to what? What happens with increase in this compound? | Acetyl-CoA increase beyond normal causes
fatty acid synthesis
fatty livers
increase in VLDL
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Created by:
El Diablo
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