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Ocular Emergencies

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Question
Answer
What is anerior vs. posterior uveitis?   AV is inflammation of the iris and ciliary body and PV is inflammation of the choroid.  
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What are some possible causes of uveitis?   Corneal ulcerations, trauma, infection, lens-induced, auto-immune, retinal detachment, iris tumors, cilary body bleed.  
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What are some treatment options for uveitis?   treat underlying problems, topical cortison, iv steroids, intraocular TPA, oral and topical steroids.  
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What is a cataract?   a condition where the normally transparent lens of the eye becomes opaque.  
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What are some causes of cataracts?   heredity, inflammation, trauma, nutrition, toxins, diabetes mellitis.  
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What is the only treatment that will work for cataracts?   Surgery.  
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What is glaucoma?   Increased intraocular pressure in the anterior chamber of the eye.  
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What causes glaucoma?   Imbalance in the production and drainage of aqueous humor. Drainage is usually impaired, causing accumulatoin of fluid and increased pressure within the eye.  
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Primary vs. Secondary glaucoma?   Primary - not associated with any other problem within the eye; usually breed related and hereditary. Secondary - results from another event or problem within the eye.  
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What can cause secondary glaucoma?   Anterior uveitis, anterior lens luxation, intraocular tumors.  
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What are clinical signs of glaucoma?   ocular pain, redness, cloudiness of the eye, blindness, enlargement of the eye.  
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How is glaucoma diagnosed?   measuring IOP with tonometry.  
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"Primary glaucoma is usually a _________ disease"   bilateral  
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If a patient comes in with chronic glaucoma and no more vision in the eye, what are the treatment options?   Medical or surgical - surgery includes enucleation of the eyeball, intrascleral prosthesis, remove eyeball and replace with prothesis, ciliary body ablasion.  
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If a patient comes in with acute glaucoma and still has vision, what is the emergency treatment options?   IV Mannitol (to shrink vitreous)  
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What is a PROPTOSED EYE?   Forward displacement of the globe.  
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What is the most common cause of proptosed eye?   Trauma (HBC, fighting, crushing injuries, head trauma).  
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