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types of soils

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Question
Answer
what are soil horizons L and F composed of   they are composed of mainly leaves, needles and twigs, commonly found on at the subsurface of mineral soils  
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what are soil horizon O composed of   organic horizon is composed of mainly mosses, rushes and woody materials  
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what is the soil horizon M   this horizon is altered by hydrolsis, oxidation or solution or all three to give a change in colour or structure  
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what is soil horizon A   this mineral horizonformed at or near the surface in the zone of removal materials  
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what is soil horizon B   this mineral horizon characterized by enrichment in organic carbon, sesquioxides or clay  
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what is soil horizon C   this mineral horizon comparatively unaffected by the pedogenic processes operative in A and B  
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Textural Triangle   is the textural soil classification of sand and gravel size, clay size, silt size  
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soil   is general is defined as the unconsolidated, thin, variable layer of mineral and organic material  
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macronutrients   nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium  
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micronutrients   Boron, chlorine, copper, iron and manganese  
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secondary nutrients   Calcium, magnesium and sulphur  
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micronutrients   Molybdenum, Zinc  
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Grain Size Analysis test   to analyze soil texture based on the mechanical analysis and distribution of particles  
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Coarse Grained   particles are visible to the eye examples: boulders, cobbles, gravel and sand  
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Fine Grained   particles are not visible to the eye examples: silt nd clay  
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Hazens Equation   K = 10(D10)2  
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coeficient of uniformity   Cu = D60 divided D10  
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Atterberg Limits   to understand the procedures for determining the liquid and plastic limits of a soil  
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four stages of soil consistency   liquid, plastic, semi-solid and solid  
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liquid   slurry, peasoup divided soft butter  
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plastic   deform-changes it shape  
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semi solid   shrinking and swelling  
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solid   no shrinkage or swelling  
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Hydrometer test   to understand the Bouyouces hydrometer method of mechanical analysisused to determine the approximate particle size distribution of soils that are finer  
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clay properties   to understand the general properties of clay minerals  
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porosity   describes the amount of pore space in soil  
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Void ratio   expresses the relationship between the soilès solid phase and pore phase  
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Standard Proctor test   to understand the principles and application of standard proctor test  
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soil compaction   occurs when a weight on the soil surface rearranges the soil particles  
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types of wetlands   surface water flow, subsurface flow, horizontal and vertical flow, plant cells and living machines  
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key treatment parameters   conversion of nitrogenous wates, solids removal, biochemical oxygen demand and pathogen removal  
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open water surface flow   resembles a natural habitat or marsh  
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subsurface horizontal or vertical flow system   have no standing water on the surface  
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nitrogen cycle   Amminification, Nitrification, Denitrification and Fixation  
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System essentials   a diverse rich bacteria substrate and time  
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hydrualic residence time   72 hours is target residence time  
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constructed wetland designs   the ability to undertake chemical, biological and physical processes  
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