Study Guide PTAS 203 Exam 2
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Superficial burn | Cell trauma and injury to the outer dermis without injury to the dermal tissue
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Superficial partial thickness burn | Damage to the epidermis into the papillary layer of the dermis; very painful
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Deep partial thickness burn | Destruction of the epidermis and severe damage of the dermal layer into the reticular layer; grafting usually not needed - not as painful
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Full thickness burn | All layers of the epidermis and dermis are destroyed - fat layer might be destroyed; grafting required
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Subdermal burn | Destruction of all tissue from epidermis down to and including bone tissue; usually from electrical burn
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Burn complications | Infections, inhalation injuries, electrolyte imbalance, cardiac dysfunction, hetertopic bone formation, neuropathy, psychological distress
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Autograft | patient's own skin
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Allograft | skin from same species
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Xeno or heterograft | skin from another species
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Psoriasis | Chronic, inherited recurrent inflammaory dermatosis where skin is replaced at abnormally fast rate
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Herpes Zoster | "Shingles" caused by reactivation of the chicken pox virus
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Cellulitis | Infection (staph, strep) that caused inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues
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Urticaria | "Hives" - histamine release with local inflammation, vasodilation and edema
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Basal cell CA | Slow growing skin cancer; not fatal
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Malignant melanoma | Serious form of skin cancer
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Osteoarthritis | Degenerative joint disease - progressive destruction of joint cartilage and formation of bone at the joint margins
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Gout | Familial disorder of purine metabolism resulting in abnormal amounts of urates in the blood
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Hyperuricemia | Excessive accumulation of uric acid in the blood
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Tophus | nodular deposit of sodium acid urate crystals
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Spondyloysis | Bony defect(fracture)of the pars interarticularis of the posterior elements of the spine
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Spondylolisthesis | Forward displacement of the 4th or 5th lumbar vertebrae and spinal column on vertebrae or sacrum
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Anklyosing spondylitis | Ossification of the ligaments of the spine (like RA)
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Spinal stenosis | Narrowing of the spinal canal
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Spondylosis | Degenerative joint disease of the spine
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Osteoporosis | Disorder of bone metabolism in which bone mass is decreased
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Scoliosis | Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
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Scoliosis curves less than 25' | Conservative treatment
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Scoliosis curves 25 to 45' | CTLSO for curve apex T8 above; TLSO for curve apex lower than T 9
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Scoliosis curves 45' | Surgery (Harrington rods; Dwyer procedure)
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Strain | Overuse, overstretching of muscle or tendon(1 less severe, 3 possible tearing)
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Sprain | Acute partial tear of ligament (1 less severe, 3 complete tear)
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Fibromyalgia | Chronic muscle pain and soft tissues diagnosed by revealing 11 out of 18 tender points
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Polymyositis | Painful, progressive disease that causes inflammation of muscles (usually of shoulder and pelvis) that may disappear
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Lyme Disease | Infection disease caused by a tick bite
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Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis | Form of RA that affects children
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Osteomyletis | Infection of the bone and bone marrow usually caused by a staph infection
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Paget's Disease | Chronic disease of normal bone maintenance where new bone is produced faster than old bone is broken down
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Osteomalacia | Loss of bone mineralization usually caused by Vit D deficiency
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Rickets | Loss of bone mineralization usually caused by Vit D deficiency in children
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Herniated intervertebral disk | Nucleus polposis leakd through the walls of the disk and may press on the spinal cord
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Plantar fasciitis | Heel spur syndrome; inflammatory response of calcaneus
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Open or compound fracture | Break over the skin at the site of the fracture
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Closed fracture | Ucomplicated fracture with intact skin over the fracture site
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Complete fracture | Fracture line extends through the entire bone; periosteum is displaced on both sides
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Incomplete fracture | Fracture line extends part way through the bone; Willow, green-stick or hickory-stick
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Impacted fracture | One bone fragment is forcibly driven into another
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Displaced fracture | Bone fractures are separated at the fracture line
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Colles fracture | Distal radial fracture
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Potts fracture | Distal fibula fracture
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Stress fracture | Fracture that occurs in bones subject to stress
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Pathological fracture | Fracture in diseased bones
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Ecchymosis | Internal brusing
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Stages of fracture healing | Hematoma, granulation, callus, ossification, consolidation & remodeling
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Bone union if no surgical intervention | 4-6 weeks in children, 6-8 weeks in adolescents, 10-18 weeks in adults
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Arthroplasty | Surgical formation of a joint
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Hemiarthroplasty | Half joint replacement
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Synovectomy | Removal of joint synovia
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Athrodesis | Surgical ankylosis or joint fusion
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Osteotomy | Bone alignment by removing a wedge of bone
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Autogenous bone graft | Bone from patient
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Homogenous bone graft | Bone from another person
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Hetergenous bone graft | Bone from another animal (or synthetic material)
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Iliazarov | Procedure to lengthen bone
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Kyphoplasty | Realignment of vertebra using glue
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Chronic Renal Failure | Loss of kidney function (80-90%) resulting in patient's requiring dialysis or kidney transplant
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Stress incontinence | Urinary leakage during physical activity. Kegel exercise helps to alleviate symptoms
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Osteopenia | Precursor to osteoporosis where there is lessening of bone density
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Patella femoral syndrome | Aanterior knee pain form irritation of undersurface of patella due to improper patella tracking
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Graves Disease | Primary hyperthyroidism where patients may exhibit tacycardia, insomnia due to increased metabolism
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COPD | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; refers to a category of respiratory diseases.
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Hypoxia | Low oxygen level
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Bronchial asthma | Inflammatoryn condition with secondary bronchospasm with attacks of dypnea and wheezing
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Cyanosis | Lack of oxygen noted by decreased circulation of fingers and lips
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Chronic bronchitis | Productive cough lasting for at least 3 months over a 2 year period
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Emphysema | Pathological accumulation of air in tissues especially lungs with destruction of alveoli
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Cystic fibrosis | Genetic often fatal disease of the exocrine glands that may include respiratory, hepatic, digestive and male reproductive system (s)
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Cor pulmonale | Pulmonary heart disease where there is enlargement of the R ventricle but inefficient use of the heart
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Restrictive lung disease | Structural changes in the thorax that cause in imbalance in pulmonary function ; there is no damage to lung function
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Pneumonia | Acute inflammation of lung tissue
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Pulmonary TB | Bacterial lung infection characterized by progressive necrosis of lung tissue
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