Section 52- Palmer
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| "squirearchy" | the landowners who ran england from 1688-1832
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| enclosure acts | authorized the enclosure, by fencing, walls or hedges, of the old common lands and unfenced open feilds
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| John Kay | invented the fly shuttle in 1733
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| Richard Arkwright | patented the water frame in 1769
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| James Watt | made inprovements on Newcomen's engine in 1763; it became the first "locomotive"
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| spinning jenny | the effect of the fly shuttle; a kind of mechanized spinning wheel
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| George Stephenson | built the first satisfactory locomotive, Rocket, in 1829 and it toped at 16 mph
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| power loom | pateneted by Cartwright; steam powered and was used to mass produce cloth
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| Factory act of 1802 | early form of "child labor laws"; had no effect
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| Adam Smith | published "Wealth of Nations" in 1776
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| Malthus | Essay on Population
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| Ricardo's "iron law of wages" | when laborers get a higher salary, they have bigger families, which in turn costs more. therefore, the working class will never be more because they will always inevitably have little money
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| laissez faire | free market is economic relationships without the influence of politics or government
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| free trade | no taxes on any trade, anywhere
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| "gentlemen of England" | "squirearchy"
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| effect of enclosure acts | land came under a strict regime of private ownership or individual management
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| fly shuttle | made it so only one person was required to operate a loom instead of two
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| water frame | a device for the multiple spinning of many threads; by the 1780's it was powered by the steam engine instead of water
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| Thomas Newcomen | built the first economically significant steam engine
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| Hargreaves | invented the spinning jenny
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| "Wealth of Nations" | criticized mercantilism, urged "natural laws"
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| Essay on Population | The two things that man wants are food and sex, and neither can be controlled. The worlds resources are limited and once they are exhausted, life will end.
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| geographical advantages to the British In. Rev | high supply of natural resources (iron, coal), security from invasion, ports and trade, and navigable rivers
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