Ch. 11 Rome and Christianity
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| Cicero | Roman orator and philosopher, he tried to limit power of Rome's generals and give control of the government back to the Senate
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| Julius Caesar | Roman general, he was one of the greatest military leaders in history. He conquered most of Gaul and was named dictator for life, but was later murdered by a group of Senators
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| Pompey | Roman general, he was an ally of Caesar but later the two went to war and Pompey was defeated in Egypt
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| Augustus | First Roman emperor, he was originally named Octavian. He was the great-nephew of Julius Caesar and gained control of Rome after defeating Marc Antony in battle. As emperor, he built many monuments and a new forum.
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| Pax Romana | Roman peace
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| aqueduct | raised channel used to carry water from mountains into cities
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| Romance languages | Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Romanian
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| civil law | legal system based on written code of laws
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| Christianity | religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus
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| Jesus of Nazareth | founder of Christianity, he taught about kindness and love for God. His teachings spread throughout the Roman Empire and the world.
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| crucifixion | type of execution in which a person was nailed to a cross
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| resurrection | Jesus's rise from the dead
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| Apostles | 12 disciples whom Jesus chose to receive special training
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| disciples | followers of Christ
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| Paul of Tarsus | one of the most important figures in the spread of Christianity, he worked to spread Jesus's teachings and wrote letters that explained key ideas of Christianity
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| Constantine | Roman emperor, he was the first Roman emperor to become a Christian. He moved the empire's capital from Rome to Constantinople and removed bans on Christianity
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| Messiah | God's annointed one
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| Diocletian | Roman Emperor, he divided the Roman Empire into eastern and western halves
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| Attila | leader of the Huns, he led invasions of Constantinople, Greece, Gaul, and northern Italy and was greatly feared by the Romans
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| corruption | the decay of people's values
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| Justinian | Emperor of the eastern Roman Empire, he organized all Roman laws into legal system called the Justinian code. He also conquered much of the Mediterranean and built the Hagia Sophia
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| Theodora | Wife of the Byzantine emperor Justinian, she was a smart and powerful woman who helped him rule effectively
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| Byzantine Empire | the society that developed in the eastern Roman Empire after the fall of the western Roman Empire
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| efficient | productive and not wasteful
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