C-spine positiong for comps
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| Positioning for a fuchs | IR centered to the level of the mastoid tips. Chin and mastoid tips perpendicular to IR.
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| CR entry point for fuchs | perpendicular, just distal to the chin at the MSP
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| AP open mouth odontoid positioning | occlusal plane perpendicular to IR, centered to axis. Phonate “ah” on exposure
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| What makes the oclussal plane? | lower edge of upper incisors and mastoid tip
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| CR entry AP open mouth | perpendicular centered to the IR, entering mid open mouth
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| AP axial positioning | extend chin placing occlusal plane perpendicular to IR
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| CR entry AP axial | 15-20 degree cephalad angle entering C4
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| Alternate name for lateral C-spine | Gandy method
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| Lateral C-spine positioning | center C4, TOF is 1” superior to EAM. Rotate shoulders anterior if round, posterior if not. Depress with sandbags. Expose on expiration
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| Lateral flexion/extension positioning | center to C4, TOF 2” superior to EAM. Drop chin to chest for flexion, elevate for flexion
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| AP Axial oblique positioning | 45 degree obliquity, center to C3 (1” above thyroid cartilage) elevate chin slightly
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| CR entry AP axial oblique | 15-20 degrees cephalad entering C4 (caudad angle if PA)
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| External landmark for C1 | mastoid tip
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| External landmark for C2, C3 | mandibular angle
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| External landmark for C5 | thyroid cartilage
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| External landmark for C7, T1 | vertebra prominens
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| alternate name for mandibular angle | gonion
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| external landmark for C3, C4 | hyoid bone
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