Ethics notes from WGU mindsedge
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Ethics | The study of the moral values and conduct of an individual, group, or culture.
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Morality | The right or wrong of an action, decision, or way of living
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Socratic philosophy | The belief that knowledge is virtue and morality is the matter of true knowledge.
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The Forms | The essences of various objects or things (in Platonic thought)
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The Golden Mean | The desirable middle ethical course between two extremes
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Philosopher Kings | The hypothetical rulers of Plato's ideal city-state
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Stoicism | A school of philosophy that advocates control of ones passions and acceptance of one's destiny
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Epicureanism | A school of philosophy that sees achieving pleasure and peace of mind as the greatest good
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Skepticism | A school of philosophy that questions the certainty of human and calls for continued inquiry after truth
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Virtue Ethics | An ethical approach that stresses moral character in contrast to moral actions
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Hammurabi's Codes | One of the earliest legal codes, established by the king of Babylonia, offering guidelines for conduct and listing crimes and their various punishments
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Book of the Dead | An Egyptian text that described the proper conduct needed for a happy afterlife
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This text includes an ethical and theological framework for life, including the Ten Commandments. | The Torah
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The Sophists argued for a philosophy based on | self-interest
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Aristotle's ethics were founded on the | Golden Mean
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Aristotle's list of virtues: | includes Plato's four main virtues of Courage, Justice, Temperance and Wisdom
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Self-control and fortitude are a way of mastering destructive emotions, according to the ___________. | Stoics
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Natural law theory maintains that: | The world is inherently rational and there is a natural order to things.
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One problem with Divine Command Theory is that: | because it is arbitrary, it could allow for abhorrent commands
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Monotheistic religions believe in | one God
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The Catholic church relies on _____________ for standards of behavior: | canon law
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Eastern religions differ from Western religions because: | there often is no overseeing organized hierarchy
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Some religious people regard abortion as immoral largely because: | they believe it violates God's commandment against killing
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The Confucian guide to proper human behavior is called: | the Five Great Relationships
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The most sacred holy text for Islam is | The Qur'an
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The belief of many Eastern religions that our soul lives multiple lifetimes, being reborn after death, is called: | reincarnation
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Buddhism and Jainism share the belief that: | there is no God
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One of the world's oldest religions is | Hinduism
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Some religious groups see economic inequality as immoral because: | it runs counter to the Golden Rule and the divine notion of universal brotherhood and justice
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Divine Command Theory: | is the idea that morality is whatever God (or the gods) command.
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Three parts of the Theory of Natural Law | Everything in nature exists for a reason, How things are and how they ought to be, Acceptance of reason as God-Given and part of the Natural Law
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The Divine Command Theory | A system where God's will becomes the foundation of morality
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Natural Law | A system based on universal laws and principles found in the natural order from which the norms of all human behavior must be derived.
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Five Great Relationships | A Confusian guide to proper human behavior
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Mahayana Sutras | Buddhist sacred writings
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Reincarnation | The belief of many Eastern religions that our soul lives mulitple lifetimes, being reborn after death
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Qur'an | Islamic sacred writing
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Five Pillars | Islamic guide to proper human behavior
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Halakhah | Rabbinic religious law
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Sharia | Islamic religious law
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Monotheism | Religions that believe in one God
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The Ten Commandments | Divine moral imperatives given to the prophet Moses
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Under Social Contract Theory, rulers serve: | by the consent of the governed
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Social Contract Theory is based on: | the idea of reciprocity (Thomas Hobbs)
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Empiricism | is a philosophical doctrine that says all knowledge is derived from our senses.(John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume)
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Utilitarianism | Utilitarianism is the ethical theory constructed around the reasoning that the greatest good for the greatest number is the only criterion for creating morality. (Jeremy Bentham & John Stuart Mill)
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Bentham's Hedonic Calculus | tried to establish utilitarian standards
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That metaphysical speculation held no validity was a position held by: | Auguste Comte, founder of the theory of positivism
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Social Contract Theory | A philosophical approach that establishes government a society's moral code by consent
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