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pharmacology

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Question
Answer
Thymol as preservative   Halothane  
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Cerebral blood flow increases.   Halothane  
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It causes dose dependent depression of cardiac output and drop in arterial blood pressure.   Halothane  
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Catecholamine induced arrhythmias are common   Halothane  
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Inspired concentration of 2 to 4% produce smooth rapid induction of anesthesia in all domestic animals   Halothane  
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Metabolized up to 19 to 22%   Halothane  
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Bromide peaks at 72 hours.   Halothane  
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Malignant hyperthermia, halothane is the most potent.   Halothane  
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Isoflurane is the similar to enflurane in general physical and chemical properties.   Isoflurane  
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Metabolized 0.17%, main metabolite are trifluroacetic acid and inorganic fluoride, renal toxicity is very remote.   Isoflurane  
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Now a days most commonly used in all clinical cases   Isoflurane  
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Has better cardiovascular function compared with other gas anesthetics, other than nitrous oxide.   Isoflurane  
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Respiratory depression is greater than halothane.   Isoflurane  
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Arrhythmias have not been reported and less likely to occur with catecholamines.   Isoflurane  
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Isomers of Isoflurane.   Enflurane  
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Causes seizer like activity, muscle twitching, head jerks.   Enflurane  
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Cardiovascular depression similar to halothane.   Enflurane  
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Metabolism 2.4 %   Enflurane  
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Metabolite is inorganic fluoride.   Enflurane  
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Renal toxicity is unlikely, but hepatitis has been reported.   Enflurane  
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It is a fluorinated ether and metabolized to free fluoride ions and hexafluoroisopropanol which is rapidly glucuronid in the liver.   Sevoflurane  
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Hepatotoxicity very low   Sevoflurane  
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Renal toxicity has been reported in man.   Sevoflurane  
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MAC 2.05   Sevoflurane  
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Blood/Gas solubility 0.62.   Sevoflurane  
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Metabolism 3.0%   Sevoflurane  
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Rapid induction and very rapid recovery compared to isoflurane, but not as fast as desflurane.   Sevoflurane  
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Desflurane is a fluorinated methyl ethyl ether, differing from isoflurane only in the substitution of fluorine for chloride at the alpha ethyl carbon.   Desflurane  
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MAC 7.2   Desflurane  
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Blood/Gas solubility 0.4   Desflurane  
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It can boil at close to room temperature, therefore a special vaporizer produced is essential.   Desflurane  
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Metabolism 0.02 %, potential for toxicity is very low.   Desflurane  
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Very rapid induction and recovery compared to isoflurane and sevoflurane.   Desflurane  
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