Chapter 5 sect 1
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| 1. How did geography promote Rome's growth? | distance from sea (18 miles) protected Rome from pirates located on river (Tiber) & allowed easy access to sea, on 7 hills -efense of city, and located in middle of Ital.pennisula-enabled Rome to take advantage of trade w/western and eastern Mediterrean.
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| 2.who were the first people who lived in Rome?What were their contributions to Roman culture? | Latins and they contributed language and name
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| 3. Who were the second people who lived in Rome? What were their contributions to Roman culture/life? | Etruscans- they contributed their dress the toga and cloak, and army structure- they were the most influential on early development of ROme. They also were artistic
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| 4. How did these second people transform Rome? | From a village to a city
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| 5. How did the geography of the city of Rome help it defensive itself? | 18 miles from Mediterrean Sea and on hills b/c it was on middle of the Italian pennisula, Rome was at a crossroads for east and west mediterrean sea trade.
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| 6. How did the Greeks influence Rome? | with argicultire (grape and olive) passed on alphabet, gave cultural and artistic models in sculpture architecture and literature.
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| 7. What cultures controlled Sciliy? | Greeks and Cathage
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| 8.What supported Rome in conquoring the Meditterean? | The miliatary and political skills of its leaders.
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| Name some Roman influences that we have in our architecture and cities. | Dome, concrete, columns, arches, aqueducts, amphitheaters, irrigation systems.
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| What are aqueducts? | structures or bridges that carry water across great distances-
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| What river runs thru the city of Rome? How many hills in Rome? | Tiber and seven
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| Define Consul | Chief executive officer of Roman Empire- an official of Roman Republic responsible for running the government and leading army into battle- 2 were chosen every year and each had VETO power over the other's decisions.
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| Define Republic | type of government were leader is not a king---certain citizens have right to vote and elect leaders
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| Define Praetor | official who was responsible for enforcing civil laws. that is the laws applied to Roman citizens
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| define Patrician | large landowners- the ruling class in the Roman Republic.hereditory...
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| define plebian | social class - minor landowners and craftsmen, merchants and small farmers.
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| Define Roman Senate | select group of about 300 Roman patricians who served for life. At first the role of senate was to advise but by 3rd century, Senate made laws.
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| Describe Roman conquests | Rome began by being surrounded by its enemies; for almost 200 years Rome was at war; they conquored the Latins,then the other people living in the Appenines mountains;controlled most of the pennisula; conquored Etruscans and Greeks
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| How did Rome govern its conquored countries? | It developed a Confederation system- some of the conquored peoples might be able to become Roman citizens. The conquored people were turned into allies with the duty to provide Rome w/soldiers and tax payments-were allowed to selfgovern govern
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| Name three virtues ROmans felt were responsible for their success. | duty, courage and discipline
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| Who was Livy? | Roman author whose stories emphasized the value of Roman virtues.
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| Who was Cincinnatus? | model of a good Roman citizen- was a farmer who left his fields to lead Roman army to victory over enemies and then returned to farming.
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| What other skills/characteristics made Rome successful? | Good diplomats; shrewd in extending Roman citizenship & allowing conquored people to internally govern selves;2nd accomplished soldiers
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| In early Rome, name some of the conflicts between social classes | patricians and plebians forbidden to marry; plebians had to supply men for army & wanted equality. Plebians in the minority when it came to voting rights were always outvoted by Patricians.Early romans times, plebians not allowed to become consuls.
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| What were the 12 Tables? | Rome's first code of laws.
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| What was wrong with the 12 Tables? | were inadequate for Rome's growing sophistcation orginally designed for farming society. Patricians had upper hand b/c they wrote the law and were the judges.d
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| Where were the 12 Tables displayed? | In public
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| To Whom did the "Law of Nations" apply? | To all people-- not just Romans.
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| Name some of the Laws contained in Law of Nations | person is innocent until proven guilty; accused allowed to defend oneself in front of a judge; Judge had to think about evidence before making a decision.i
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| What was Cathage- describe its relationship with ROme. | Cathage= powerful trading city started by Phoenicians on the north coast of Africa--it had lots of colonies at one point it was the largest and richest state in the Meditterean area. Three wars with Rome .
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| Describe who fought in the 1st Punic War, why it started and who won. Who was the land power - who was the strongest sea power? | it was between Carthage and Rome and started over control of Carthage's colonies in Scily.Rome was the land power while Carthage was the sea power. Carthage gave up Scily to the Romans who built up powerful navy &defeated Carthage;Scily = 1st Roman colony
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| Describe who fought in the 2nd Punic War, why it started and who won. Who was the famous African General? Why is he famous? | Carthage took lands in Spain after losing Sicily; Rome starts rebellion in Spain so Hannibel took elephants over the Alps to fight- Rome lost over 40,000 men in 1battle-Cannae;Rome attacks Carthage-Hannibel goes home;Battle of Zama
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| 3rd Punic War- Who what when and who won? | Carthage and Rome,50 years after 2nd Punic WarRome completely destroys Carthage in 146 BC- looted and burned for 10 days and sold everyone into slavery. No more Carthage.
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| Why was Council of Plebes started? | Plebes wanted more power.
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