Eicosanoids - UTSW
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| How are eicosanoids different from steroid hormones? | act locally, created then quickly destroyed
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| What do eicosanoids mediate? | inflammatory response, fever, pain, gastric integrity, blood clotting
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| What physiologic responses do eicosanoids control? | vasodilation & constriction, platelet aggregation & inhibition, smooth muscle contraction & relaxation
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| What is the precursor for eicosanoids? | arachidonic acid
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| Where is arachidonic acid stored? | membrane phospholipids
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| What are the 3 types of eicosanoids? | prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes
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| What is the precursor for arachidonic acid? | linoleic acid (essential fatty acid)
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| What regulates amount of eicosanoids? | phospholipase A2
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| What enzyme converts arachidonic acid to leukotrienes? | lipoxygenases
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| What enzyme converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins & thromboxanes? | Cox 1 & 2 (cyclooxygenases) followed by cell specific synthases
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| Leukotriene synthesis involves what key intermediate? | 5-HPETE
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| Besides leukocytes, what cell is involved in leukotriene synthesis? | platelets
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| What 2 signaling mechanisms do eicosanoids use? | autocrine & paracrine
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| Which eicosanoid mediates inflammation, fever, plateletaggregation and disaggretation,induce labor, maintain stomach lining? | prostaglandins
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| Which eicosanoid is produced by platelets, promoteaggregation (blood clotting) andvasoconstriction | thromboxanes
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| Which eicosanoid is produced by mast cells, mediate allergic reactions; SlowReacting Substance of Anaphylaxis(SRS-A), 104X potent than histamineProduced in plasma - smooth musclecell contraction | leukocytes
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| Which enzyme is blocked by cortisol/anit-inflammatories? | Phopsholipase A2
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| Wich enzyme is blocked by NSAIDS? | COX 1 & 2
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| Which enzyme is blocked by anti-asthmatics? | lipoxygenases
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| Why is aspirin imperfect? | It blocks cox 1 & 2, but cox 1 protects stomach lining via PGE2
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| What are the drawbacks to COX2 inhibition? | Since COX2 (PGI2) inhibits platelet aggregation while COX 1 activates it (TGA2), Inhibiting COX 2 can lead to excess clotting
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| How does aspirin prevent heart attacks? | By covalently modifying COX 1 & 2, aspirin leads to their degradation. Since platelets cannot create new cox 1 & 2, this = anticoagulation (however - not all platelets impacted, so some clotting still occurs)
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