ap euro terms 2
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| giovanni bellini | an italian renaissance painter, moved painting to a new sensuos and colouristic style, 1430-1516
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| dante alighieri | italian writer who is the author of Divine Comedy, atteneded sicilian school, 1265-1321
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| michelangelo | italian sculptor and painter who built the statue of david, renaissance man, 1475-1564
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| francesco petrach | italian scholar and poet, typically called the father of humanism, based off of his works the imodern day italian language was formed
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| filippo brunelleschi | engineer and architect of Renaissance, based in florence, 1377-1446
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| giovanni boccaccio | italian author and poet, wrote on famous women, 1313-1375
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| baldassare castiglione | count of novilara, was in humanist studies but took his dead fathers throne, 1478-1529
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| niccolo machiavelli | italian philosopher and writer and politician, writer of the prince, 1469-1527
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| donatello | renaissance artist and sculptor, known for his work of bassciliveo, 1386-1466
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| leonardo da vinci | italian genious who varied from subjects of literature to anatomy, painter of the mona lisa and the last supper, 1452-1519
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| raffaelo santi | italian painter and architect, another renaissance man, painter of the school of athens, 1438-1520
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| tiziano vecellio | better known as titan, painter in the 16th century, painted backgrounds and religious subjects, would later influence western art
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| the western schism | gregory XI ended avignon papacy, urban VI moved it back,
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| council of constance | 1414 eleccted martin V
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| battle at poitiers | hundred years war, september 19th, 1356
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| battle at agincourt | hundred years war, october 25, 1495, notable for the use of the english longbow
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| the "babylonian captivity" | 1305-1378
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| wat tyler's rebellion | english peasants revolt, 1381, london
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| the concordat of bologna | 1516, francis I didnt like the pope Leo X tking the churches money. allowed him to take it in time of need with his permission
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| pragmatic sanction of bourges 1438 | issued by king charles VII on July 7th 1438, required general church council to be held every ten years to elect ecclesiastical offices and prevented pope from benifiting from this power
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| the sack of rome | May 5th 1527, Chares V, HOly Roman emporer, crucial victory against Charles I of SPaiin
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| the development of the german diet | refered to as the reichstag, consisted of three estates imperial electors, imperial princes, imperial cities
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| the development of the cortes | also consisted of three estates prelates, commoners, and nobles, king had power to call court but also dismiss it
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| the development of the french estates general | formed in 102, council made of secular and clerical lords, many parliamnets underneath but Paris' is the main one
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| the first crusade | occured in 1095, pope urban II, conquered jerusalem in 1099
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| council of pisa 1409 | elected alexander V
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| lay investiture | major dispute between Henry IV and pope gregory VII in the 11th and 12th century
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| printing press | made by johannes gutenberg who was a goldsmith in 1440
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| gunpowder | entered europe in 1257 and affected the way war was fought
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| windmills | used mostly in north western europe and was used for pumping water and for communication
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