Eastern Europe
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| Located near the Baltic sea, above Poland | Russia
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| Muscovites | Great Russians, lived near Moscow
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| Tartar Khans | lived north of Black Sea
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| Cossacks | lived above the steppes "cowboys of Russia"
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| Bylorussians | White Russian- lived west of Moscow
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| Little Russians/ Ruthenians/ Ukrainians | lived southwest of Moscow
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| Russian Religion | Greek Orthodox Church, very superstitious
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| Serfdom | serfs worked on farms
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| Boyars | landlords
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| Raskolniki | people who did not like the new ideas from the west
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| Customs | women were secluded and wore veils; men had beards and skirted garments, drank a lot, superstition rules in state and church
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| Duma | national assembly, led by nobles
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| Stephen Rezin | led a revolt and killed many nobles
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| Holy Synod | a Holy Council in Russia
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| Ivan III | "The Great" First Czar/Tzar/Tsar of Russia
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| Ivan IV | "The Terrible" Killed many people in order to raise his own power. Opened Archangel, a port, and the Caspian
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| Semski Sober | Consisted of the Duma, church, and the townspeople. Their main objective was peace by choosing a new ruler after Ivan IV left no heirs
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| Michael Romanov | Elected by Semski Sober to be Czar of Russia. He was young and easily of controlled. He was the grandnephews of Ivan IV
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| Peter I | "The Great" Traveled west in order to gain knowledge about western civilization. his main goal was to modernize Russia
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| Streltsi Rebellion | elite Russian guards revolts in Moscow, Peter personally kills the rebels
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| Changes in Economics | taxes on everything, adopted mercantilism
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| Changes in Government | Duma is dissolved, Russia is divided into 10 territoies or Gubernii in order to centralize power, procurator to Holy Synod formed, Peter indirectly controls the church
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| The Great Northern War | war started when Russia invaded Sweden
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| Charles VII of Sweden | leader of the most modern and greatest army in Europe
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| Battle of Narva | Sweden has 8000, Russia has 40000, Russia lost
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| Battle of Poltava | Swedes invade Russia during winter, defeated by the winter
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| Treaty of Nystad | Finland returns to Sweden, Lariva and Estonia given to Russia
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| "Windows on the West" | St. Petersburg
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