Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or

show password
Forgot Password?

Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or

Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account.
Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.


Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.

sociology exam 1 chapters 1-4

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
Sociology   the systematic study of human society  
🗑
Sociological perspective   the special point of view of sociology that sees general patterns of society in the lives of particular people  
🗑
Global perspective   the study of the larger world and our society’s place in it  
🗑
Auguste Comte   named sociology in 1838 to describe a new way of looking at society  
🗑
Theory   a statement of how and why specific facts are related  
🗑
Theoretical approach   a basic image of society that guides thinking and research  
🗑
Structural-functional approach   a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability  
🗑
Social structure   any relatively stable pattern of social behavior  
🗑
Manifest functions   the recognized and intended consequences of any social pattern  
🗑
Latent functions   the unrecognized and unintended consequences of any social pattern  
🗑
Social dysfunction   any social pattern that may disrupt the operation of society  
🗑
Social-conflict approach   a framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change  
🗑
Macro-level orientation   a broad focus on social structures that shape society as a whole  
🗑
Micro-level orientation   a close-up focus on social interaction in specific situations  
🗑
Symbolic-interaction approach   a framework for building theory that sees society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals  
🗑
Science   a logical system that bases knowledge on direct, systematic observation  
🗑
Empirical evidence   information we can verify with our senses  
🗑
Variable   a concept whose value changes from case to case  
🗑
Measurement   a procedure for determining the value of a variable in a specific case  
🗑
Operationalize a variable   specifying exactly what is to be measured before assigning a value to a variable  
🗑
Reliability   consistency in a measurement  
🗑
Cause and effect   a relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another  
🗑
Independent variable   the variable that causes the change  
🗑
Dependent variable   the variable that changes  
🗑
Correlation   a relationship in which two (or more) variables change together  
🗑
Spurious correlation   an apparent but false relationship between two (or more) variable that is caused by some other variable  
🗑
Objectivity   personal neutrality in conducting research  
🗑
Research method   a systematic plan for doing research  
🗑
Experiment   a research method for investigating cause and effect under highly controlled conditions  
🗑
Hypothesis   a statement of a possible relationship between two (or more) variables  
🗑
Hawthorne effect   a change in a subject’s behavior caused simply by the awareness of being studied  
🗑
Survey   a research method in which subjects respond to a series of statements or questions in a questionnaire or an interview  
🗑
Population   the people who are the focus of the research  
🗑
Sample   a part of a population that represents the whole  
🗑
Participant observation   a research method in which investigators systematically observe people while joining them in their routine activities  
🗑
Culture   the ways of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people’s way of life  
🗑
Symbol   anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a culture  
🗑
Language   a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another  
🗑
Sapir-Whorf thesis   the idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of language  
🗑
Values   culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social living  
🗑
Beliefs   specific thoughts or ideas that people hold to be true  
🗑
Norms   rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members  
🗑
Mores   norms that are widely observed and have great moral significance  
🗑
Folkways   norms for routine or casual interactions  
🗑
Subculture   cultural patterns that set apart some segment of a society’s population  
🗑
Multiculturalism   a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the United States and promoting equal standing for all cultural traditions  
🗑
Eurocentrism   the dominance of European (especially English) cultural patterns  
🗑
Counterculture   cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a society  
🗑
Ethnocentrism   the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own culture  
🗑
Society   people who interact in a defined territory and share a culture  
🗑
Sociocultural evolution   Lenski’s term for the changes that occur as a society gains new technology  
🗑
Hunting and gathering   making use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for food  
🗑
Horticulture   the use of hand tools to raise crops  
🗑
Pastoralism   the domestication of animals  
🗑
Agriculture   large-scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sources  
🗑
Industrialism   the production of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machinery  
🗑
Postindustrialism   the production of information using computer technology  
🗑
Social conflict   the struggle between segments of society over valued resources  
🗑
Capitalists   people who own and operate factories and other businesses in pursuit of profits  
🗑
Proletarians   people who sell their labor for wages  
🗑
Social institutions   the major spheres of social life, or societal subsystems, organized to meet human needs  
🗑
Class conflict   conflict between entire classes over the distribution of a society’s wealth and power  
🗑
Alienation   the experience of isolation and misery resulting from powerlessness  
🗑
Tradition   values and beliefs passed from generation to generation  
🗑
Rationality   a way of thinking that emphasizes deliberate, matter-of-fact calculation of the most effient way to accomplish a particular task  
🗑
Anomie   Durkheim’s term for a condition in which society provides little moral guidance to individuals  
🗑
Mechanical solidarity   Durkheim’s term for social bonds, based on common sentiments and shared moral values, that are strong among members of preindustrial societies  
🗑
Organic solidarity   Durkheim’s term for social bonds based on specialization and interdependence, that are strong among members of industrial societies  
🗑
Division of labor   specialized economic activity  
🗑
Materialist Approach   claims that societies are defined by their economic systems: how humans produce material goods shapes their experiences  
🗑
Karl Marx   Materialist Approach/Social Conflict  
🗑
Max Weber   Idealist Approach/Symbolic Interaction  
🗑
Emile Durkhiem   Structural Functionalism  
🗑
Idealist Approach   emphasizes the pwer of ideas to shape society  
🗑


   

Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
 
To hide a column, click on the column name.
 
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
 
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
 
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.

 
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how
Created by: kar527
Popular Science sets