Duke PA physiology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What do glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis and ketone synthesis cause? | increased plasma glucose, increased plasma ketones | ||||
| What is the primary target of glucagon? | liver | ||||
| What is the glucagon receptor? | G protein linked receptor | ||||
| What induces hypoglycemia? | long-lasting workout session (250 minutes) | ||||
| What is the first fuel used in exercise? | glycogen | ||||
| What is the second fuel used in exercise? | fat, the preferable fuel | ||||
| What metabolism occurs when the body is burning fat? | catabolic | ||||
| What do insulin levels do in exercise, in catabolic metabolism? | decrease | ||||
| How do you get insulin in the muscle cells if insulin is low? | muscle stretches, GLUT4 transporters go to the surface and allow for glucose entry into cells | ||||
| How does exercise benefit diabetics? | increased entry of glucose into cells during exercise - GLUT4 transporters move to cell membrane and allow for movement of glucose | ||||
| What does cortisol cause? | degradation of fat, muslce, etc. - extremely catabolic. Also causes the liver to produce glucose | ||||
| Where does the cortisol drain? | the medulla of the adrenal gland - sympathetic NS causes epi to be secreted in the adrenal | ||||
| What does epi do to fat? | causes breakdown of fat, sends fat to liver to be converted to glucose | ||||
| What effect does the sympathetic NS have on insulin? | inhibits - no insulin during stress | ||||
| What does alpha cells do in the absense of insulin? | alpha cell secretes glucagon | ||||
| In stress, which three hormones are present in the plasma? | glucagon, epi, cortisol | ||||
| What do glucagon, epi and cortisol do during stress? | mobilize glucose in the blood stream | ||||
| How does synergy work during stress? | each hormone increase blood glucose, but putting epi + glucagon + cortisol = a larger effect | ||||
| Formula for synergy | 1+1+1 = 5 | ||||
| What are types of stress? | exercise, other activation of sympathetic NS, trauma, surgery, dehydration, lack of food | ||||
| What part of the body uses ketones as a fuel source? | brain | ||||
| What hormone does starvation turn on? | thyroid hormone | ||||
| What effect does decrease thyroid hormone have on BMR? | decreased | ||||
| What effect does decreased metabolic rate have on body temperature? | decreases | ||||
| As fat depots shrink, what happens to leptin levels? | decrease | ||||
| What do decreased leptin levels cause? | decreaesd TRH, decreasing blood TSH levels | ||||
| What happens to T4 and T3 in starvation? | decrease, switch to T4, rather than T3 | ||||
| What happens to appetite during starvation? | increases at first, then decreases | ||||
| What happens to melanocortin receptors in low leptin conditions? | receptors inhibited, inhibition of feeding stops - so, you feed | ||||
| How does high insulin effect feeding? | Signals to the hypothalamus to stop feeding | ||||
| What effect does low insulin have on feeding? | turns on feeding | ||||
| High leptin, high insulin | turn off feeding | ||||
| low leptin, low insulin | turn on feeding | ||||
| When sympathetic nervous system is on, what does this do to insulin? | turns off insulin | ||||
| Sympathetic NS - turns off insulin, causes feeding or no feeding? | feeding - hungry b/c of stress! | ||||
| Type 1 diabetes causes increased or decreased ketogenesis? | increased | ||||
| In severe hypoglycemia, CNS increases output to adrenal and pancrease, increasing blood levels of what? | glucagon and epi | ||||
| Hypothyroid, pituitary etiology has what effect on basal metabolism? | Low TSH, low T4 - decreased basal metabolism |
Embed Code: If you would like this activity on your web page,
copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
show me how
Created by:
ges13
on 2009-09-23