Genetics
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| P1 | parent generation
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| F1 | the first generation from the P1
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| F2 | the second generation
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| genetics | the study of how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring
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| complete dominance | a cross between PP x Pp, all offspring will be dominant
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| incomplete dominance | occurs when 2 or more alleles influence the the phenotype, resulting in a phenotype intermediate between the dominant and recessive trait. neither allele is completely dominant over the other
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| codominance | both alleles are expressed in a heterozygous offspring
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| phenotype | the appearance of an organism
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| genotype | the genetic make-up of an organism
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| monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits Rr x Rr
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| trait | scientific name for a characteristic
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| allele | alternate form of a gene
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| dominant | RR or Rr
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| law of independent assortment | MENDELS 2ND LAWEach Allele pairs segregates independently during gamete formation, applies when genes for 2 characteristics are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes.
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| law of segregation | MENDELS 1ST LAWallele pairs are separated during the formation of gametes, and randomly reformed as pairs during fuasion or gametes at fertilitzation.
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| dihybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves the pairing of contrasting traits RR x WW
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| genotypic ratio | ratio of the the genotypes that appear in the offspring
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| heterozygous | Rr
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| homozygous | RR or rr
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| phenotypic ratio | the ratio of the offsprings' pheonotypes
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| probability | the likelihood that a specific event will occur
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| test cross | the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype
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| heredity | the transmission from parents to offspring
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| Character | A feature capable of beeing inherited
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| Trait | Each Variant for a character
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| True-Breeding | Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when the y self pollinate.
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| Pedigree | A Family Tree which describes and illustrates how a disease inherited trait is carrie3d through a family.
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| Pleiotrophy | The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
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| Polygenic | Pertaining to two or more genes. As opposed to monogenic. Eye color is polygenic. It is by determined by a number of genes.
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| Sickle-Cell Disease | Human genetic disease of red blood cells. Caused by subst. of single amno acid in the hemoglobin portein. Most common inherited disease among African Americans.
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