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Terms & Defs

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Term
Definition
Nervous System   Controls homeostasis.  
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1st Function of Nervous System:   Help detect changes in the internal and external environment.  
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2nd Function of Nervous System   Analyze the change.  
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3rd Function of Nervous System:   Organize the information for immediate use or for future use.  
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4th Function of Nervous System:   Cause a response to the change.  
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Anatomical Divisions   Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervouse System (PNS)  
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Functional Divisions   Sensory division & Motor division  
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Central Nervous System (CNS)   Brain / spinal cord  
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)   Receptors:nerves / Effectors:muscles & glands.  
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Sensory Division   Takes info about changes from the receptor and sends to the CNS.  
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Motor Division   Takes info from CNS and sends to an effector.  
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Somatic Nervous System   Takes info from our CNS and sends to our skeletal muscle (voluntary).  
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Autonomic Nervous System   Takes N.I. from CNS and sends to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.  
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Neurons   The functional unit of the nervous system.  
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Neurons   Transmit neural impulses.  
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Myelin Sheath   Made from lipids and proteins.  
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Sensory Neurons   Carry N.I. from the body to the CNS (from receptors).  
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Interneurons   Receive signals from sensory neurons; transmit them from place to place in CNS, activate motor neurons (Inside CNS).  
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Motor Neurons   Transmit signals to effectors to produce an actions (muscles and glands).  
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Neuroglia   Schwann Cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglial Cells.  
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Neuroglia located in the PNS.   Schwann Cells  
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Neuroglia located in the CNS.   Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglial Cells.  
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Scwann Cells   Makes the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS.  
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Neurilemma   The outermost layer of the myelin sheath in the PNS; allows for regeneration of the axon is damaged.  
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Oligodendrocytes   Makes the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS.  
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Schwann Cells   Has Neurolemma.  
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Oligodendrocytes   Does not have Neurolemma.  
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Astrocytes   Skeletal support for brain and spinal cord.  
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Astrocytes   Help stimulate neuron growth.  
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Astrocytes   Regulates the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and neurons; relays waste to blood from Neuron.  
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Microglial Cells   Phagocytosis in the CNS - eats dead cells and debris.  
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Irritability   Ability to form a N.I. when stimulated.  
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Conductivity   Ability to transmit a N.I. to another cell.  
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Synapse   A junction between an axon and another cell.  
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Two structures of a synapse.   Synaptic Knob, synaptic cleft.  
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Excitatory Neurotransmitters   Cause a N.I. in the next cell.  
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Inhibitory Neurotransmitters   Prevents a N.I. in the next cell.  
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Cerebrum   Largest part of the brain that performs higher brain functions.  
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Gyri   Folds in the brain.  
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Sulci   Grooves in between the folds.  
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Cerebral Hemisphere   Left and right portions of the Cerebrum  
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Corpus Callosum   Connects right and left cerebral hemispheres.  
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Longitudinal Fissure   The space that separates the right and left cerebral hemisperes.  
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White Matter   Located on the inside of the brain and helps transmit N.I.  
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Grey Matter   Made of dendrites, cell bodies, and the ends of axons ; normally found on the surface of the brain but can sometimes be found deep inside white matter.  
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Grey Matter   Also know as the cerebral cortex, the - - - - matter is where you have the ability to analyze and process info.  
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Structures of Diencephalon   Thalamus / Hypothalamus  
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Thalamus   Relay station between cerebrum and the rest of the brain.  
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Hypothalamus   Controls autonomic nervous system ; maintains homeostasis.  
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3 Components of the brain stem   Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata.  
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Midbrain   Visual and auditory reflexes.  
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Pons   Connects lower and higher brain areas (relay). Small role in controlling rate and depth of breathing.  
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Medulla Oblongata   Respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor control center.  
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Reticular Formation   Sends stimulation to cerebral cortex ; Arousal and wakefulness.  
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Medulla Oblongata   Part of brain stem connected to spinal cord.  
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Damage to the Cerebellum:   Loss of equilibrium, muscle coordination, and muscle tone.  
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2 divisions of ANS   Sympathetic and Parasympathetic  
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Sympathetic Division   This division of ANS prepares the body for physical action to meet emergencies.  
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Parasypathetic Division   This division of ANS is dominant under normal, nonstressful conditions of everydaylife.  
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