Terms & Defs
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Nervous System | Controls homeostasis.
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1st Function of Nervous System: | Help detect changes in the internal and external environment.
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2nd Function of Nervous System | Analyze the change.
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3rd Function of Nervous System: | Organize the information for immediate use or for future use.
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4th Function of Nervous System: | Cause a response to the change.
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Anatomical Divisions | Central Nervous System (CNS) & Peripheral Nervouse System (PNS)
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Functional Divisions | Sensory division & Motor division
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Central Nervous System (CNS) | Brain / spinal cord
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | Receptors:nerves / Effectors:muscles & glands.
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Sensory Division | Takes info about changes from the receptor and sends to the CNS.
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Motor Division | Takes info from CNS and sends to an effector.
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Somatic Nervous System | Takes info from our CNS and sends to our skeletal muscle (voluntary).
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Autonomic Nervous System | Takes N.I. from CNS and sends to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.
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Neurons | The functional unit of the nervous system.
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Neurons | Transmit neural impulses.
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Myelin Sheath | Made from lipids and proteins.
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Sensory Neurons | Carry N.I. from the body to the CNS (from receptors).
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Interneurons | Receive signals from sensory neurons; transmit them from place to place in CNS, activate motor neurons (Inside CNS).
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Motor Neurons | Transmit signals to effectors to produce an actions (muscles and glands).
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Neuroglia | Schwann Cells, Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglial Cells.
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Neuroglia located in the PNS. | Schwann Cells
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Neuroglia located in the CNS. | Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, and Microglial Cells.
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Scwann Cells | Makes the myelin sheath around axons in the PNS.
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Neurilemma | The outermost layer of the myelin sheath in the PNS; allows for regeneration of the axon is damaged.
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Oligodendrocytes | Makes the myelin sheath around axons in the CNS.
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Schwann Cells | Has Neurolemma.
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Oligodendrocytes | Does not have Neurolemma.
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Astrocytes | Skeletal support for brain and spinal cord.
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Astrocytes | Help stimulate neuron growth.
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Astrocytes | Regulates the exchange of oxygen and nutrients between blood and neurons; relays waste to blood from Neuron.
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Microglial Cells | Phagocytosis in the CNS - eats dead cells and debris.
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Irritability | Ability to form a N.I. when stimulated.
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Conductivity | Ability to transmit a N.I. to another cell.
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Synapse | A junction between an axon and another cell.
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Two structures of a synapse. | Synaptic Knob, synaptic cleft.
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Excitatory Neurotransmitters | Cause a N.I. in the next cell.
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Inhibitory Neurotransmitters | Prevents a N.I. in the next cell.
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Cerebrum | Largest part of the brain that performs higher brain functions.
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Gyri | Folds in the brain.
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Sulci | Grooves in between the folds.
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Cerebral Hemisphere | Left and right portions of the Cerebrum
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Corpus Callosum | Connects right and left cerebral hemispheres.
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Longitudinal Fissure | The space that separates the right and left cerebral hemisperes.
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White Matter | Located on the inside of the brain and helps transmit N.I.
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Grey Matter | Made of dendrites, cell bodies, and the ends of axons ; normally found on the surface of the brain but can sometimes be found deep inside white matter.
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Grey Matter | Also know as the cerebral cortex, the - - - - matter is where you have the ability to analyze and process info.
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Structures of Diencephalon | Thalamus / Hypothalamus
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Thalamus | Relay station between cerebrum and the rest of the brain.
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Hypothalamus | Controls autonomic nervous system ; maintains homeostasis.
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3 Components of the brain stem | Midbrain, Pons, and Medulla Oblongata.
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Midbrain | Visual and auditory reflexes.
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Pons | Connects lower and higher brain areas (relay). Small role in controlling rate and depth of breathing.
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Medulla Oblongata | Respiratory, cardiac, and vasomotor control center.
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Reticular Formation | Sends stimulation to cerebral cortex ; Arousal and wakefulness.
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Medulla Oblongata | Part of brain stem connected to spinal cord.
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Damage to the Cerebellum: | Loss of equilibrium, muscle coordination, and muscle tone.
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2 divisions of ANS | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
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Sympathetic Division | This division of ANS prepares the body for physical action to meet emergencies.
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Parasypathetic Division | This division of ANS is dominant under normal, nonstressful conditions of everydaylife.
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