AP European Chapter 30 Vocabulary
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| Clement Attlee | Socialist Labor Party under him moved toward establishment of a "Welfare State"; formed government of England after Churchill; nationalized industries.
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| Willy Brandt | West German chancellor; sought peace with East Germany; Poland December 1970 laid wreath at tomb of the unknown soldier, and another shrine commemorating armed uprising Warsaw's Jew ghetto against Nazis, ghetto destroyed survivors sent to gas chamber
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| Brezhnev Doctrine | Soviet Union and its allies had the right to intervene in any socialist country whenever they saw the need.
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| Brinkmanship | International relations involving the deliberate creation of a risk of war to apply pressure on the other party.
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| COMECON | The economic association organized by the communist states
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| Containment | Conceived by George Kennan as an attempt to contain communism in areas already occupied by the Red Army. Became the main goal of the Truman Doctrine.
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| Council of Europe | Brought about by the Marshall Plan in 1948 as an attempt to evolve into a Parliament yet became only a multinational debating society.
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| Charles De Gaulle | Leader of Free French General that resigned in 1946 after re-establishing the free, democratic Fourth Republic. Came back to lead the Fifth Republic in 1959.
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| de-Stalinization | Liberalization of the Soviet Union initiated by Khrushchev in 1956.
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| Anthony Eden | Opposed Chamberlain’s policy of appeasement towards Hitler. Became Prime minister in 1955, resigned in 1957.
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| Ludwig Erhard | Minister of the economy, bet on the free economy while maintaining the extensive social welfare network inherited from the Hitler era.
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| Euratom | European Atomic Energy Community established by the treaty of Rome to regulate and research nuclear energy merged with the EEC.
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| European Coal and Steel Community | international organization to control and integrate European coal and steel production. Consists West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France.Number one goal: to be together economically that war against them impossible."The six"
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| European Economic Community | caused by the Marshall Plan.
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| Hungarian Revolution | 1956. Led by students and workers, installed Liberal Communist Imre Nagy. Forced soviet soldiers to leave and promised free election, renounced Hungary’s military alliance with Moscow. Revolution was crushed by the Soviet Union.
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| "Inner Six" | members of the EEC - West Germany, France, Italy, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.
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| "Outer seven" | members of the EFTA - Britain, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, and Switzerland.
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| European Free Trade Association | Founded in 1960 by the "outer seven" to create a customs union and trading bloc .
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| Iron Curtain Speech | March 1946 Winston Churchill at Fulton College Missouri; said an "iron curtain" had fallen across the Continent.
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| Nikita Khrushchev | Russian premier after Stalin. Led de-Stalinization of Russia. A reformer who argued for major innovations.
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| Marshall Plan | U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall urged Americans to offer economic aide- this was the Marshall Plan. Refused by Stalin.
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| Imre Nagy | liberal communist reformer installed as Chief by the people of Budapest.
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| NATO | North Atlantic Treaty Organization- formed in 1949 by U.S. anti-Soviet Military alliance of Western Governments.
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| "peaceful coexistence" | Krushev’s foreign policy; peaceful coexistence with communism was possible
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| Schuman Plan | called for special international organization to control and integrate all European coal and steal production.
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| Treaty of Rome | 1957- Six nations of Coal and Steal Community signed to create EEC.
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| Warsaw Pact | Created by Stalin in 1955 to counter NATO and to tighten his hold on satellites.
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| Perestroika | Economic restructuring by Gorbachev
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| Glasnost | A newfound openness of the Soviet's government and media.
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| restalinization | Soviet Union started a period of stagnation. Saw de-Stalinization as a dangerous threat.
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