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Anthropology Exam 1

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Question
Answer
Anthropology   the study of human species and its immediate ancestors  
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acculturation   the exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into first hand contact; cultural patterns of one or both groups may change but each group remains distinct  
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Archaeological Anthropology   the study of human behavior and cultural pattern and processes through the cultures material remains  
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Core Values   key, basic, or central values that integrate a culture and help distinguish it form others  
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cultural relativism   values and standards of cultures differ and deserve respect; methodlogical. understand method of culture to understand culture  
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Biological Anthropology   the study of human biological variation in time and space including evolution, genetics, growth and development, and primatology  
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Cultural Anthropology   the study of human society and culture; describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural  
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diffusion   borrowing of cultural traits between societies either directly or through intermediaries  
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Culture   distinctly human; transmitted through learning; traditions and customs that govern behavior and beliefs  
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Ethnography   fieldwork in a particular culture  
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Ethnology   crosscultural comparison; the comparative study of ethnographic data, society, and culture  
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ethnocentrism   the tendency to view ones own culture as best and to judge the behavior and beliefs of culturally different people by one's own standards  
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General Anthropology   the field of anthropology as a whole, consisting of cultural, archaelogical, biological, and linguistic anthropology  
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Holistic   interested in the whole of the human condition: past present future; biology, society, language, and culture  
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generality   culture pattern or trait that exists in some but not all socieities  
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Linguistic Anthropology   the descriptive, comparative, and historical study of language and its linguistic similarities and differences in time, space, and society.  
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particularity    
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globalization   accelerating independence of nations in a world system linked economically and through mass media and modern transportation  
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Subcultures   different cultural traditions associated with with subgroups in the same complex society  
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symbols   something verbal or nonverbal that arbitraily and by convention stands ffor something else, with which it has no necessary or natural connection  
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universal   something that exists in every culture  
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emic   the research strategy that focuses on local explanations and criteria of significance  
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etic   the research strategy that emphasizes the ethnographers rather than the locals explanations, categories, and criteria of significance.  
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genealogical method   procedures by which ethnographers discover and record conections of kinship, descent, and marriage, using diagrams and symbols  
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open-ended and scheduled interviews    
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key cultural consultant   person who is an expert on a particular aspect of social life  
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longitudinal research   long-term study of a community region society culrure or other unit usually based on repeated visits  
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Participant observation    
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qualitative research    
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quantitative    
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reflexive ethnography    
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survey research   characteristic research procedure among social scientists other than anthropologists. studies society throgh samplings, statistical analysis, and impersonal data collection  
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achieve status    
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ascribed status    
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assimilation   the process of change that a minority group may experience when it moves to a country where another culture dominates the minority is incorporated into the dominant culture to the point that it no longer exists as a seperate cultural unit  
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burakmin    
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cultural colonialism   the political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time  
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Discrimination   policies and practices that harm a group and its members  
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ethnicity   identification with and feeling part of an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other groups because of this affiliation  
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majority    
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minority    
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multiculturalism   the view of cultural diversity in a country as something good and desireable; a multicultural society socializes individuals not only into the dominant (national) culture but also into an ethnic culture  
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plural society   a society that combines ethnic contrasts and economic interdependence of the ethnic gorups  
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prejudice   devauling (looking down on) a group because of its assumed beahcior values capabilities attitudes or other attributes  
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stereotypes    
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