Anthropology Exam 1
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Anthropology | the study of human species and its immediate ancestors
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acculturation | the exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into first hand contact; cultural patterns of one or both groups may change but each group remains distinct
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Archaeological Anthropology | the study of human behavior and cultural pattern and processes through the cultures material remains
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Core Values | key, basic, or central values that integrate a culture and help distinguish it form others
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cultural relativism | values and standards of cultures differ and deserve respect; methodlogical. understand method of culture to understand culture
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Biological Anthropology | the study of human biological variation in time and space including evolution, genetics, growth and development, and primatology
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Cultural Anthropology | the study of human society and culture; describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural
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diffusion | borrowing of cultural traits between societies either directly or through intermediaries
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Culture | distinctly human; transmitted through learning; traditions and customs that govern behavior and beliefs
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Ethnography | fieldwork in a particular culture
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Ethnology | crosscultural comparison; the comparative study of ethnographic data, society, and culture
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ethnocentrism | the tendency to view ones own culture as best and to judge the behavior and beliefs of culturally different people by one's own standards
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General Anthropology | the field of anthropology as a whole, consisting of cultural, archaelogical, biological, and linguistic anthropology
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Holistic | interested in the whole of the human condition: past present future; biology, society, language, and culture
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generality | culture pattern or trait that exists in some but not all socieities
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Linguistic Anthropology | the descriptive, comparative, and historical study of language and its linguistic similarities and differences in time, space, and society.
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particularity |
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globalization | accelerating independence of nations in a world system linked economically and through mass media and modern transportation
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Subcultures | different cultural traditions associated with with subgroups in the same complex society
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symbols | something verbal or nonverbal that arbitraily and by convention stands ffor something else, with which it has no necessary or natural connection
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universal | something that exists in every culture
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emic | the research strategy that focuses on local explanations and criteria of significance
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etic | the research strategy that emphasizes the ethnographers rather than the locals explanations, categories, and criteria of significance.
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genealogical method | procedures by which ethnographers discover and record conections of kinship, descent, and marriage, using diagrams and symbols
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open-ended and scheduled interviews |
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key cultural consultant | person who is an expert on a particular aspect of social life
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longitudinal research | long-term study of a community region society culrure or other unit usually based on repeated visits
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Participant observation |
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qualitative research |
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quantitative |
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reflexive ethnography |
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survey research | characteristic research procedure among social scientists other than anthropologists. studies society throgh samplings, statistical analysis, and impersonal data collection
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achieve status |
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ascribed status |
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assimilation | the process of change that a minority group may experience when it moves to a country where another culture dominates the minority is incorporated into the dominant culture to the point that it no longer exists as a seperate cultural unit
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burakmin |
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cultural colonialism | the political, social, economic, and cultural domination of a territory and its people by a foreign power for an extended time
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Discrimination | policies and practices that harm a group and its members
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ethnicity | identification with and feeling part of an ethnic group and exclusion from certain other groups because of this affiliation
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majority |
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minority |
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multiculturalism | the view of cultural diversity in a country as something good and desireable; a multicultural society socializes individuals not only into the dominant (national) culture but also into an ethnic culture
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plural society | a society that combines ethnic contrasts and economic interdependence of the ethnic gorups
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prejudice | devauling (looking down on) a group because of its assumed beahcior values capabilities attitudes or other attributes
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stereotypes |
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